{"id":3311,"date":"2021-12-27T10:15:41","date_gmt":"2021-12-27T09:15:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?page_id=3311"},"modified":"2022-05-30T09:17:10","modified_gmt":"2022-05-30T07:17:10","slug":"2022-hygrolycosa-rubrofasciata","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?page_id=3311","title":{"rendered":"2022 Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spider of the year 2022<\/h1>\n

The drumming wolf spider<\/h3>\n

Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865)<\/h4>\n
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Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata (photo: Arno Grabolle).<\/p><\/div>\n

Information<\/h4>\n

The drumming wolf spider, Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865), belongs to the wolf spider family (Lycosidae). This family of spiders has 2440 species throughout the world, of which 352 species are known in Europe. In the genus Hygrolycosa<\/em> there are only five species world-wide and two species in Europe, of which Hygrolycosa strandi <\/em>is found only in Greece. Thus the drumming wolf spider is the only representative of this group from Central Europe.<\/p>\n

Distribution, habitat, endangered status<\/strong><\/p>\n

The drumming wolf spider is distributed across the Palaearctic. In Central Europe it is typically found in plains and foothills (up to 800 m above sea level). In Austria, for example, it is one of the rarest spiders with a few records from Vorarlberg, Styria and Burgenland, all associated with its specialized habitat. Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>prefers damp habitats and is thus only found in selected near-natural places such as moors, swamps, wet meadows or wet (canyon) forests. Because of the increasing threats and destruction of several of its preferred habitats, the drumming wolf spider has often been placed on the Red List of endangered animal and plant species. For example, it is rated as threatened by extinction in Austria and as endangered in Germany.<\/p>\n

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Description<\/strong><\/p>\n

The body length of Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>is 5 \u2013 6 mm. A difference between the sexes is not \u2013 as is often the case in spiders \u2013 related to body length (normally females are larger), but instead relates to differences in colouration and markings. Males are almost black. The cephalothrorax has three weakly-defined pale stripes along its length. The abdomen is dark brown to black, with four connected rows of white spots along its length. The legs have two colours, being black and becoming light brown. Females have a light brown cephalothorax, with three pale lines along its length, plus two thin rows of flecks. The abdomen is also pale and the legs are pale brown with dark spots.<\/p>\n

Mode of life<\/strong><\/p>\n

Like most wolf spiders, the drumming wolf spider does not build a web, but is active during the day as an ambush predator waiting for its prey: principally insects.<\/p>\n

During the mating season in spring males drum with their abdomen on dry leaves, making a noise which is audible even to humans as a \u2018purring\u2019 drumming sound. This suggests its common name of the drumming wolf spider.<\/p>\n

After mating, females lay around 60 eggs in a cocoon. Female wolf spiders are widely known for their careful brood care. They attach the cocoon to their spinnerets and carry it around with them. After the young have hatched, they typically climb onto their mother\u2019s back and are carried around with her. In Hygroylosa rubrofasciata<\/em> there is a slight difference in this behaviour. Here, the spiderlings do not hold onto their mothers back, but instead grasp the empty cocoon \u2013 possibly an adaptation to their damp habitats.<\/p>\n

Adult drumming wolf spiders can be found from March to November. Males usually die after mating, but females can often survive the winter.<\/p>\n

Similar species <\/strong><\/p>\n

In (Central) Europe the drumming wolf spider is the only species within its genus and is reasonably easy to identify based on its colouration and markings. For inexperienced observers, Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>could be mistaken for the prowling spider Zora spinimana<\/em> (family Miturgidae), which is found in similar habitats.<\/p>\n

Why was the drumming wolf spider chosen as the European Spider of the Year?<\/strong><\/p>\n

This highly endangered species, which in countries like Austria is close to extinction, should draw attention to the effect of threats and destruction of these animals\u2019 relevant habitats \u2013 in this case the drying out of moorlands. \u00a0This is especially relevant in terms of climate change in that moors have been shown to be increasingly important for carbon storage.<\/p>\n

Additionally it is exciting and curious to actually hear a spider drumming. And the behaviour of the spiderlings is also something unusual among wolf spiders, namely the fact that after hatching they remain attached to the cocoon.<\/p>\n

By choosing the Spider of the Year a \u2018less popular\u2019 animal group should be placed in the spotlight and attention should be drawn to its threatened habitats, but at the same time it is also hoped that scientists will contribute up-to-date information about its distribution. In this context, enjoy the Spider of the Year and help us with locality information or a photograph to document this species.<\/p>\n

The European Spider of the Year is chosen by 84 arachnologists from 27 European countries. The vote is coordinated from the Natural History Museum of Vienna in collaboration with the Arachnologische Gesellschaft (AraGes) and the European Society of Arachnology (ESA).<\/p>\n

Christoph H\u00f6rweg<\/p>\n

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Contacts<\/h4>\n

<\/a>\n

<\/p>\n

Contact for Europe<\/h4>\n

Dr. Milan \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d
\nBiodiversity Lab, Crop Research Institute
\nDrnovsk\u00e1 507
\n161 06 Praha 6 \u2013 Ruzyn\u011b
\nCzech Republic
\nrezac(a)vurv.cz<\/p>\n

Countries involved<\/h4>\n

Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland.<\/p>\n

Supporting societies<\/h4>\n

ARABEL – Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nARAGES – Arachnologische Gesellschaft –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nBAS – The British Arachnological Society –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nCAS – \u010cesk\u00e1 arachnologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nESA – European Society of Arachnology –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nGIA – Grupo Ib\u00e9rico de Aracnolog\u00eda GIA –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nNATURDATA – Biodiversidade online –\u00a0(link)<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Maps and\u00a0Photos<\/h4>\n

<\/a>\n

<\/p>\n

Distribution<\/h4>\n

Europe –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nEurope –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nAustria –\u00a0(<\/a>link<\/a>)<\/a>
\nCzech Republic –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nDenmark – (link)<\/a>
\nGermany – (link)<\/a>
\nGreat Britain –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nItaly (link)<\/a>
\nSwitzerland –\u00a0(link)<\/a><\/p>\n

Photo galleries<\/h4>\n

spiderling.de –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nWiki of the Spinnen-Forum –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nWikimedia commons –\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nArachno\u00a0–\u00a0(link)<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Literature<\/h4>\n

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– Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2021 Atlas der Spinnentiere Europas (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Amblypygi, Solifugae, Scorpiones, Schizomida)<\/em> f\u00fcr Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>\u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021)<\/p>\n

– Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2021 Wiki des Spinnen-Forums \u2013 (link<\/a>) (09.12.2021)<\/p>\n

– Bellmann H 2016 Der Kosmos Spinnenf\u00fchrer. Frackh-Kosmos Stuttgart. 429 pp.<\/p>\n

– Blick T, Bosmans R, Buchar J, Gajdo\u0161 P, H\u00e4nggi A, Helsdingen P van, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka V, Star\u0119ga W & Thaler K 2004 Checkliste der Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. (Arachnida: Araneae). Version 1. Dezember 2004<\/p>\n

– Braun R 1976 Zur Aut\u00f6kologie und Ph\u00e4nologie einiger f\u00fcr das Rhein-Main-Gebiet und die Rheinpfalz neuer Spinnenarten (Arachnida: Araneida) \u2013 Jahrb\u00fccher des Nassauischen Vereins f\u00fcr Naturkunde 103:24-68.<\/p>\n

– Breitling R, Merches E, Muster C, Duske K, Grabolle A, Hohner M, Komposch C, Lemke M, Sch\u00e4fer M & Blick T 2020 Liste der Popul\u00e4rnamen der Spinnen Deutschlands (Araneae) \u2013<\/p>\n

Arachnologische Mitteilungen 59:38-60. doi: 10.30963\/aramit5907<\/a><\/p>\n

– Buchar J & Thaler K 1995 Die Wolfspinnen von \u00d6sterreich 2: Gattungen Arctosa<\/em>, Tricca<\/em>, Trochosa<\/em> (Arachnida, Araneida: Lycosidae) – Faunistisch-tiergeographische \u00dcbersicht \u2013 Carinthia II 185.\/105.:481-498.<\/p>\n

– CSCF (Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune) 2019 Fauna der Schweiz \u2013 Spinnentiere oder Arachniden (Skorpione, Pseudoskorpione, Spinnen, Weberknechte, Milben) \u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0bzw. Verbreitungskarte f\u00fcr\u00a0Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em>:\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(07.12.2020)<\/p>\n

– Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek 2021 Kultur und Wissen online, Tonaufnahmen, Tierstimmenarchiv vom Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Berlin: Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em>. (link)<\/a> (21.12.2021)<\/p>\n

– Dolej\u0161 P 2013 Do really all wolf spiders carry spiderlings on their opisthosomas? The case of Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Araneae: Lycosidae) \u2013 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 45:30-35. doi: 10.5431\/aramit4507<\/a><\/p>\n

– Foelix RF 2015 Biologie der Spinnen. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 430 pp.<\/p>\n

– H\u00e4nggi A, St\u00f6ckli E & Nentwig W 1995 Lebensr\u00e4ume mitteleurop\u00e4ischer Spinnen. Charakterisierung der Lebensr\u00e4ume der h\u00e4ufigsten Spinnenarten Mitteleuropas und der mit diesen vergesellschafteten Arten \u2013 Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4: 1-459<\/p>\n

– Helsdingen PJ van 2021 Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea version 2017.06 \u2013 (link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021)<\/p>\n

– K\u00f6hler D & Tembrock G 1987 Akustische Signale bei der Wolfsspinne Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Arachnida: Lycosidae) \u2013 Zoologischer Anzeiger 219:147\u2013153.<\/p>\n

– Kronestedt T 1984 Sound production in the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Ohlert) (Araneae, Lycosidae) \u2013 Fauna och flora 79(3):97-107.<\/p>\n

– Kronestedt T 1996 Vibratory communication in the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Araneae, Lycosidae) \u2013 Revue Suisse de Zoologie Suppl. 1996:341-354.<\/p>\n

– Muster C 2021 Artenportrait Trommelwolf in Rote-Liste-Zentrum. (link)<\/a> (21.12.2021)<\/p>\n

– Nentwig W, Blick T, Bosmans R, Gloor D, H\u00e4nggi A & Kropf C 2021 araneae \u2013 Spiders of Europe, version 12.2021 \u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021). doi: 10.24436\/1<\/a><\/p>\n

– Reichholf JH & Steinbach G 1997 Die grosse Enzyklop\u00e4die der Insekten, Spinnen- und Krebstiere, Band 1. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag G\u00fctersloh. 360 pp.<\/p>\n

– World Spider Catalog 2021 World Spider Catalog, version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern \u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Information in other languages<\/h4>\n
\n
--<\/span>AL<\/span>BG<\/span>CZ<\/span>DE<\/span>FI<\/span>PL<\/span>SI<\/span><\/div>
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Merimanga e Vitit 2022<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMerimanga zukat\u00ebse - <\/em>Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865)\r\n\r\nMerimanga zukat\u00ebse, Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Ohlert, 1865), i p\u00ebrket familjes s\u0451 merimangave ujk (Lycosidae). N\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, kjo familje ka 2440 lloje, nga t\u00eb cilat 352 lloje jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb dhe 46 lloje n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. N\u00eb gjinin\u00eb Hygrolycosa<\/em> ka vet\u00ebm pes\u00eb lloje n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn dhe dy lloje n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, nga t\u00eb cilat Hygrolycosa strandiis<\/em> ndodhet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Greqi. Merimanga zukat\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuese e k\u00ebtij grupi n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb identifikuar.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nShp\u00ebrndarja, habitati, statusi e rrezikimit. <\/strong>Merimanga zukat\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rajonin Palearktik. N\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti n\u00eb rrafshinat dhe ult\u00ebsirat deri n\u00eb 800 m mbi nivelin e detit. N\u00eb Austri, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga merimangat m\u00eb t\u00eb rralla me vet\u00ebm pak t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb Vorarlberg, Styria dhe Burgenland, t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb lidhura me habitatin e saj t\u00eb specializuar. Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> preferon habitatet e lag\u00ebshta, duke u gjendur k\u00ebshtu vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vende t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhura pothuajse natyrore t\u00eb tilla si k\u00ebneta, mo\u00e7ale, livadhe t\u00eb lagura ose pyje t\u00eb lagura (kanione). P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve n\u00eb rritje dhe shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb disa prej habitateve t\u00eb saj t\u00eb preferuara, merimanga zukat\u00ebse shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb list\u00ebn e kuqe t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb rrezikuara t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve dhe bim\u00ebve. P\u00ebr shembull, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar si nj\u00eb lloj n\u00eb rrezik zhdukje n\u00eb Austri, dhe e rrezikuar n\u00eb Gjermani.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nP\u00ebrshkrimi. <\/strong>Gjat\u00ebsia e trupit t\u00eb Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb 5 - 6 mm. Ndryshimi midis t\u00eb dy sekseve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb dallimi tipik i merimangave ku femrat jan\u00eb me gjat\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb trupit, por lidhet me ngjyrimin dhe shenjat. Meshkujt jan\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb zinj, me tre vija t\u00eb zbehta n\u00eb cefalotaks, nd\u00ebrsa abdomeni ka ngjyr\u00eb kafe t\u00eb err\u00ebt n\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb dhe me kat\u00ebr rreshta t\u00eb lidhura me pika t\u00eb bardha. K\u00ebmb\u00ebt kan\u00eb dy ngjyra, t\u00eb zeza dhe kafe t\u00eb lehta. Femrat kan\u00eb nj\u00eb cefalotoraks me ngjyr\u00eb kafe t\u00eb leht\u00eb, me tre vija t\u00eb zbehta p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb gjat\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb saj dhe dy rreshta t\u00eb holl\u00eb me arna t\u00eb err\u00ebta. Abdomeni \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu i zbeht\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa k\u00ebmb\u00ebt jan\u00eb ngjyr\u00eb kafe t\u00eb zbeht\u00eb me pika t\u00eb err\u00ebta.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nM\u00ebnyra e jetes\u00ebs. <\/strong>Ashtu si shumica e merimangave ujk, merimanga zukat\u00ebse nuk nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb rrjet\u00eb, por ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb aktive gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs si nj\u00eb grabitqare q\u00eb i z\u00eb prit\u00ebn pres\u00eb s\u00eb saj: kryesisht insekte. Gjat\u00eb sezonit t\u00eb \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit n\u00eb pranver\u00eb, meshkujt me an\u00eb t\u00eb abdomenit t\u00eb tyre godasin n\u00eb gjethet e thata duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb zhurm\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e d\u00ebgjueshme edhe p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit, si nj\u00eb tingull \"zukatje\". Kjo sugjeron emrin e saj t\u00eb Merimang\u00ebs Zukat\u00ebse. Pas \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit femrat prodhojn\u00eb nj\u00eb kokon me rreth 60 vez\u00eb. Femrat e merimangave ujk jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura gjer\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr kujdesin e tyre ndaj kokonit me vez\u00eb, pasi ato e lidhin kokonin tek spineretat e tyre n\u00eb fund t\u00eb abdomenit dhe e mbajn\u00eb at\u00eb me vete kudo. Pasi \u00e7elin t\u00eb vegjlit, ata zakonisht ngjiten n\u00eb abdomenin e n\u00ebn\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre dhe mbahen sip\u00ebr tij. Tek Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> ka nj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb leht\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sjellje. K\u00ebtu, t\u00eb vegjlit nuk i mbajn\u00eb n\u00ebnat e tyre, por n\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ata kapen tek kokoni i zbraz\u00ebt - ndoshta nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatje me habitatet e tyre t\u00eb lagura. Merimangat adulte zukat\u00ebse mund t\u00eb gjenden nga Marsi deri n\u00eb N\u00ebntor. Meshkujt zakonisht vdesin pas \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit, por femrat zakonisht mbijetojn\u00eb n\u00eb dim\u00ebr.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nLloje t\u00eb ngjashme. <\/strong>N\u00eb Evrop\u00eb (Qendrore), merimanga zukat\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi lloj i gjinis\u00eb s\u00eb saj, ndaj dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb identifikohet bazuar tek ngjyrat dhe shenjat dalluese. P\u00ebr v\u00ebzhguesit pa eksperienc\u00eb, Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> mund t\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrohet me merimang\u00ebn Zora spinimana<\/em> (Miturgidae), e cila gjendet n\u00eb habitate t\u00eb ngjashme.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPse <\/strong>\u0451<\/strong>sht<\/strong>\u0451<\/strong> zgjedhur merimanga zukat\u00ebse si Merimanga Evropiane e Vitit?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKy lloj me status t\u00eb lart\u00eb rrezikimi, i cili n\u00eb shtete t\u00eb tilla si Austria \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebr zhdukjes, duhet t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen p\u00ebr k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimin dhe shkat\u00ebrrimin e habitateve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre kafsh\u00ebve \u2013 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast t\u00eb tharjes s\u00eb k\u00ebnetave. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb vecan\u00ebrisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb termat e ndryshimeve klimatike, n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebnetat jan\u00eb treguar t\u00eb jen\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr ruajtjen e karbonit. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj \u00ebsht\u00eb emocionuese dhe kurioze t\u00eb d\u00ebgjosh nj\u00eb merimang\u00eb zukat\u00ebse. Sjellja e t\u00eb vegj\u00eblve \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu di\u00e7ka e pazakont\u00eb tek merimangat ujk, n\u00eb lidhje m\u00eb faktin se pas \u00e7eljes s\u00eb tyre ato mbeten t\u00eb bashkangjitura tek kokoni. Duke zgjedhur Merimang\u00ebn e Vitit, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt shpresojn\u00eb q\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb do ti kushtohet v\u00ebmendje nj\u00eb grupi pak t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve dhe habitateve t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuara, por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur informacionin e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar mbi shp\u00ebrndarjen aktuale t\u00eb saj. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, mund t\u00eb shijoni k\u00ebt\u00eb Merimang\u00eb t\u00eb Vitit 2022 dhe t\u00eb na ofroni ndihm\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e vendndodhjes ose me dokumentime fotografike t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji. Merimanga Evropiane e Vitit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhur nga 84 araknolog\u00eb nga 27 shtete Evropiane. Kordinimi i votave \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nga Muzeu i Historis\u00eb s\u00eb Natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs, s\u00eb bashku me \u2018Arachnologischec Gesellschaft\u2019 (AraGes) dhe Shoqat\u00ebn Evropiane t\u00eb Araknologjis\u00eb. Christoph H\u00f6rweg & Blerina Vrenozi.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nKontakt n<\/strong>\u0451<\/strong> Shqip<\/strong>\u0451<\/strong>ri:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDr. Blerina Vrenozi, Muzeu i Shkencave t\u0451 Natyr\u0451s, Rr. Petro Nini Luarasi, Nd. 76-1, No. 2, 1010 Tiran\u00eb, Shqip\u0451ri. E-mail: blerina.vrenozi@fshn.edu.al<\/a><\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

\u041f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 <\/strong>2022<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a - Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865)\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0412\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a, Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438 (Lycosidae). \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 2440 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442, 352 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430, \u0430 78 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0412 \u0440\u043e\u0434 Hygrolycosa<\/em> \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u00a0Hygrolycosa strandi<\/em>, <\/em>\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0413\u044a\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449\u0438\u044f\u0442\u00a0 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0432 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u0445\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438<\/strong>, <\/strong>\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449\u0438\u044f\u00a0 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0446\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0412 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 (\u0434\u043e 800 m \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0449\u0435). \u0412 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438, \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433, \u0429\u0438\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434, \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438. Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0430, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 (\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438) \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u0432 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0414\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>\u0435 5 \u2013 6 mm. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u2013 \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 (\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430), \u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435. \u041c\u044a\u0436\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0440\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u044a\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u044a\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0444\u044f\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e, \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0444\u044f\u0432\u0438. \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0444\u044f\u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0440\u044a\u0434 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u044a\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0446\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e e \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e, \u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0444\u044f\u0432\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u044a\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438, \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438 \u043c\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0430, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0438, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u044a\u0436\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0447\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0445\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0448\u0443\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0445\u043e. \u041e\u0442 \u0442\u0443\u043a \u0438\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443\u043b, \u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 60 \u044f\u0439\u0446\u0430. \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e. \u0422\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u044a\u0431 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438 Hygroylosa rubrofasciata<\/em> \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u044a\u0440\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443\u043b \u2013 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u0412\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u041d\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0432\u0440\u0438. \u041c\u044a\u0436\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0412 (\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430) \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 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\u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u0417\u0430\u0449\u043e <\/strong>\u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0449\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a<\/strong> \u0431\u0435\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/strong>?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0422\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 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\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043b\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443\u043b.\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0418\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u00a0 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u041e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0441 \u041f\u0430\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 84 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043e\u0442 27 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Gesellschaft (AraGes) \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (ESA).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0425\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0433\r\n\r\n\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0414\u0435\u043b\u0447\u0435\u0432\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDr. Milan \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d\r\nBiodiversity Lab, Crop Research Institute\r\nDrnovsk\u00e1 507\r\n161 06 Praha 6 \u2013 Ruzyn\u011b\r\nCzech Republic\r\nrezac(a)vurv.cz\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0410\u043b\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0411\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0424\u0438\u043d\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f, \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f, \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0418\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u041b\u0438\u0445\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0430\u0439\u043d, \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u041d\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f, \u041d\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430, \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f, \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0421\u044a\u0440\u0431\u0438\u044f, \u0423\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0425\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f,\u0427\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0446\u0438\u044f.\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong>\r\n\r\nARABEL - Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nARAGES - Arachnologische Gesellschaft -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nBAS - The British Arachnological Society -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nCAS - \u010cesk\u00e1 arachnologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nESA - European Society of Arachnology -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nGIA - Grupo Ib\u00e9rico de Aracnolog\u00eda GIA -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nNATURDATA - Biodiversidade online -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEurope -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nEurope -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nAustria -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nCzech Republic -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nDenmark - (link)<\/a>\r\nGermany -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nGreat Britain -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nItaly (link)<\/a>\r\nSwitzerland -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\n\r\n\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/strong>\r\n\r\nspiderling.de -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nWiki of the Spinnen-Forum -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nWikimedia commons -\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\nArachno\u00a0-\u00a0(link)<\/a>\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/strong>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n- Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2021 Atlas der Spinnentiere Europas (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Amblypygi, Solifugae, Scorpiones, Schizomida)<\/em> f\u00fcr Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>\u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021)\r\n\r\n- Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2021 Wiki des Spinnen-Forums \u2013 (link<\/a>) (09.12.2021)\r\n\r\n- Bellmann H 2016 Der Kosmos Spinnenf\u00fchrer. Frackh-Kosmos Stuttgart. 429 pp.\r\n\r\n- Blick T, Bosmans R, Buchar J, Gajdo\u0161 P, H\u00e4nggi A, Helsdingen P van, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka V, Star\u0119ga W & Thaler K 2004 Checkliste der Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. (Arachnida: Araneae). Version 1. Dezember 2004\r\n\r\n- Braun R 1976 Zur Aut\u00f6kologie und Ph\u00e4nologie einiger f\u00fcr das Rhein-Main-Gebiet und die Rheinpfalz neuer Spinnenarten (Arachnida: Araneida) \u2013 Jahrb\u00fccher des Nassauischen Vereins f\u00fcr Naturkunde 103:24-68.\r\n\r\n- Breitling R, Merches E, Muster C, Duske K, Grabolle A, Hohner M, Komposch C, Lemke M, Sch\u00e4fer M & Blick T 2020 Liste der Popul\u00e4rnamen der Spinnen Deutschlands (Araneae) \u2013\r\n\r\nArachnologische Mitteilungen 59:38-60. doi: 10.30963\/aramit5907<\/a>\r\n\r\n- Buchar J & Thaler K 1995 Die Wolfspinnen von \u00d6sterreich 2: Gattungen Arctosa<\/em>, Tricca<\/em>, Trochosa<\/em> (Arachnida, Araneida: Lycosidae) - Faunistisch-tiergeographische \u00dcbersicht \u2013 Carinthia II 185.\/105.:481-498.\r\n\r\n- CSCF (Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune) 2019 Fauna der Schweiz \u2013 Spinnentiere oder Arachniden (Skorpione, Pseudoskorpione, Spinnen, Weberknechte, Milben) \u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0bzw. Verbreitungskarte f\u00fcr\u00a0Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em>:\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(07.12.2020)\r\n\r\n- Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek 2021 Kultur und Wissen online, Tonaufnahmen, Tierstimmenarchiv vom Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Berlin: Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em>. (link)<\/a> (21.12.2021)\r\n\r\n- Dolej\u0161 P 2013 Do really all wolf spiders carry spiderlings on their opisthosomas? The case of Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Araneae: Lycosidae) \u2013 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 45:30-35. doi: 10.5431\/aramit4507<\/a>\r\n\r\n- Foelix RF 2015 Biologie der Spinnen. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 430 pp.\r\n\r\n- H\u00e4nggi A, St\u00f6ckli E & Nentwig W 1995 Lebensr\u00e4ume mitteleurop\u00e4ischer Spinnen. Charakterisierung der Lebensr\u00e4ume der h\u00e4ufigsten Spinnenarten Mitteleuropas und der mit diesen vergesellschafteten Arten \u2013 Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4: 1-459\r\n\r\n- Helsdingen PJ van 2021 Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea version 2017.06 \u2013 (link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021)\r\n\r\n- K\u00f6hler D & Tembrock G 1987 Akustische Signale bei der Wolfsspinne Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Arachnida: Lycosidae) \u2013 Zoologischer Anzeiger 219:147\u2013153.\r\n\r\n- Kronestedt T 1984 Sound production in the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Ohlert) (Araneae, Lycosidae) \u2013 Fauna och flora 79(3):97-107.\r\n\r\n- Kronestedt T 1996 Vibratory communication in the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Araneae, Lycosidae) \u2013 Revue Suisse de Zoologie Suppl. 1996:341-354.\r\n\r\n- Muster C 2021 Artenportrait Trommelwolf in Rote-Liste-Zentrum. (link)<\/a> (21.12.2021)\r\n\r\n- Nentwig W, Blick T, Bosmans R, Gloor D, H\u00e4nggi A & Kropf C 2021 araneae \u2013 Spiders of Europe, version 12.2021 \u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021). doi: 10.24436\/1<\/a>\r\n\r\n- Reichholf JH & Steinbach G 1997 Die grosse Enzyklop\u00e4die der Insekten, Spinnen- und Krebstiere, Band 1. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag G\u00fctersloh. 360 pp.\r\n\r\n- World Spider Catalog 2021 World Spider Catalog, version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern \u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021)\r\n\r\n <\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Pavouk roku 2022<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k te\u010dkovan\u00fd Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865)\r\n\r\nSl\u00edd\u00e1kovit\u00ed (Lycosidae) pat\u0159\u00ed mezi st\u0159edn\u011b bohat\u00e9 \u010deledi pavouk\u016f, dosud bylo pops\u00e1no 2440 druh\u016f, z nich\u017e 352 je zn\u00e1mo z Evropy. P\u0159edci sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k\u016f si podobn\u011b jako pokoutn\u00edci stav\u011bli plachetkovit\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00e9 fylogeneticky baz\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k\u016f tomu tak d\u011blaj\u00ed doposud. Drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina evropsk\u00fdch sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k\u016f v\u0161ak ji\u017e s\u00edt\u011b k lap\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti nestav\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho aktivn\u011b p\u00e1traj\u00ed po ko\u0159isti na povrchu p\u016fdy. Kv\u016fli jejich neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu pob\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed se jim v mnoha jazyc\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b angli\u010dtiny a n\u011bm\u010diny \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201evl\u010d\u00ed pavouci\u201c. P\u0159esto\u017ee si sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1ci nestav\u011bj\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, pat\u0159\u00ed k na\u0161im nejn\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pavouk\u016fm.\r\n\r\nJak se d\u00e1 poznat Pavouk roku 2022<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k te\u010dkovan\u00fd (Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em>) byl pro 2022 zvolen Evropsk\u00fdm pavoukem roku. Hygrolycosa<\/em> pat\u0159\u00ed mezi druhov\u011b chud\u00e9 rody sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k\u016f, celosv\u011btov\u011b zahrnuje pouze \u010dty\u0159i druhy. Z Evropy jsou zn\u00e1my dva z nich. Z \u0158ecka byl v roce 1948 pops\u00e1n druh Hygrolycosa strandi<\/em>, jeho\u017e spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed do tohoto rodu je\u0161t\u011b nebylo spolehliv\u011b potvrzeno.\r\n\r\nSl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k te\u010dkovan\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed s d\u00e9lkou t\u011bla 5\u20136 mm ke st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdm sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k\u016fm, samci a samice jsou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u011b velk\u00e9. Od ostatn\u00edch na\u0161ich sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k\u016f ho lze snadno rozeznat d\u00edky charakteristick\u00e9mu zbarven\u00ed a kresb\u011b t\u011bla. I ml\u00e1\u010fata pozn\u00e1me podle trn\u016f na tibii prvn\u00edho p\u00e1ru nohou a n\u00e1padn\u011b pestr\u00e9ho, kontrastn\u011b tmav\u011b \u010dervenohn\u011bd\u00e9ho zbarven\u00ed a skvrnit\u00e9 hrudn\u00ed desti\u010dky (sterna). Zbarven\u00ed se u samc\u016f a samic li\u0161\u00ed. Samci jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dern\u00ed, na hlavohrudi maj\u00ed t\u0159i sv\u011btl\u00e9 nez\u0159eteln\u00e9 pod\u00e9ln\u00e9 pruhy. Na tmavohn\u011bd\u00e9m zade\u010dku jsou \u010dty\u0159i propojen\u00e9 pod\u00e9ln\u00e9 pruhy b\u00edl\u00fdch te\u010dek. Nohy jsou u b\u00e1ze \u010dern\u00e9, na konc\u00edch sv\u011btle hn\u011bd\u00e9.\r\n\r\nSamice maj\u00ed sv\u011btle hn\u011bdou hlavohru\u010f, se dv\u011bma tmavohn\u011bd\u00fdmi pod\u00e9ln\u00fdmi pruhy, prodlou\u017een\u00fdmi na p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st hlavohrudi pod o\u010dima (clipeus) a na klep\u00edtka (chelicery), a s okraji lemovan\u00fdmi tmav\u00fdmi te\u010dkami, u n\u011bkter\u00fdch jedinc\u016f spl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed v klikatou linku. Sternum je sv\u011btle hn\u011bd\u00e9, se \u0161esti tmav\u00fdmi skvrnami na obvod\u011b. Zade\u010dek je \u010dervenohn\u011bd\u00fd s nev\u00fdraznou a nez\u0159eteln\u011b ohrani\u010denou pod\u00e9lnou p\u00e1skou a podobn\u011b nev\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi tmav\u0161\u00edmi postrann\u00edmi prou\u017eky, zdoben\u00fdmi \u010dty\u0159mi pod\u00e9ln\u00fdmi \u0159adami \u017elutav\u00fdch te\u010dek. Nohy maj\u00ed samice sv\u011btle hn\u011bd\u00e9, s (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm femury) s n\u00e1padn\u00fdmi tmav\u00fdmi skvrnami, tibie, metatarsy a tarsy jsou, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na zadn\u00edch noh\u00e1ch, \u010dasto tmav\u0161\u00ed.\r\n\r\nZp\u016fsob \u017eivota<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k te\u010dkovan\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed mezi na\u0161e sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1ky s denn\u00ed (diurn\u00e1ln\u00ed) aktivitou (no\u010dn\u00ed (nokrurn\u00e1ln\u00ed) aktivita byla z na\u0161ich sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k\u016f zaznamen\u00e1na nap\u0159\u00edklad u z\u00e1stupc\u016f rod\u016f Trochosa<\/em>, Lycosa<\/em>, a n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f Arctosa<\/em> \u010di Alopecosa<\/em>). Na povrchu p\u016fdy p\u00e1tr\u00e1 po ko\u0159isti, kter\u00e1 je v jeho p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tvo\u0159ena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm drobn\u00fdmi \u010dlenovci. Jedn\u00e1 se o druh s jednolet\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklem. K procesu, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m se z posledn\u00edho juveniln\u00edho instaru stane pohlavn\u011b dosp\u011bl\u00fd jedinec, tedy k posledn\u00edmu svl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed kutikuly (ekdise) doch\u00e1z\u00ed v b\u0159eznu a\u017e kv\u011btnu. Fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm aspektem biologie tohoto pavouka je zp\u016fsob, kter\u00fdm si samci namlouvaj\u00ed samice. Na ja\u0159e bubnuj\u00ed sv\u00fdmi zade\u010dky do such\u00fdch list\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sly\u0161iteln\u00e9 lidsk\u00fdm uchem i na vzd\u00e1lenost n\u011bkolika metr\u016f. Na b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed stran\u011b zade\u010dku maj\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch tup\u00fdch trn\u016f, kter\u00e9 zade\u010dek p\u0159i bubnov\u00e1n\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed. Samci po kopulaci um\u00edraj\u00ed, samice p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed do listopadu, n\u011bkter\u00e9 i p\u0159ezimuj\u00ed.\r\n\r\nSn\u016f\u0161ka samic obsahuje pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 60 vaj\u00ed\u010dek, samice je zabal\u00ed do b\u011blav\u00e9ho kulovit\u00e9ho kokonu. Samice se o svoje potomstvo vzorn\u011b staraj\u00ed. Kokon si p\u0159ip\u0159edou ke sv\u00fdm snovac\u00edm bradavk\u00e1m a nos\u00ed ho v\u0161ude s sebou, do doby, ne\u017e se ml\u00e1\u010fata vyl\u00edhnou. Po vyl\u00edhnut\u00ed si ml\u00e1\u010fata v\u011bt\u0161iny sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k\u016f vylezou samici na h\u0159bet a d\u00e1le se nechaj\u00ed vozit. Sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k te\u010dkovan\u00fd si v tomto v\u0161ak na\u0161el vlastn\u00ed cestu, jeho ml\u00e1\u010fata samici nevyl\u00e9zaj\u00ed na h\u0159bet, ale p\u0159idr\u017euj\u00ed se pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9ho kokonu nad\u00e1le p\u0159ip\u0159eden\u00e9ho k mat\u010din\u00fdm snovac\u00edm bradavk\u00e1m.\r\n\r\nRoz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, biotopy a ohro\u017een\u00ed<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k te\u010dkovan\u00fd je palearktick\u00fd druh vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se prakticky v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, chyb\u00ed pouze v jej\u00edch nejji\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, nejsu\u0161\u0161\u00edch parti\u00edch. U n\u00e1s se vyskytuje od n\u00edzk\u00fdch po st\u0159edn\u00ed polohy (do 500, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b a\u017e 700 m n. m.). \u017dije v mechu, sta\u0159in\u011b \u010di v listov\u00e9m opadu v \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdch ra\u0161elinn\u00fdch les\u00edch (borech, b\u0159ezin\u00e1ch), ba\u017einn\u00fdch ol\u0161in\u00e1ch \u010di v r\u00e1kosin\u00e1ch. Bylo z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee druh vy\u017eaduje ra\u0161elinn\u00e9 mok\u0159ady, ale dlouho bylo z\u00e1hadou, pro\u010d se vyskytuje pouze na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech, nikdy nebyl zji\u0161t\u011bn na otev\u0159en\u00fdch ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u00edch. To se poda\u0159ilo vysv\u011btlit a\u017e pozn\u00e1n\u00edm jeho biologie, same\u010dci pro n\u00e1mluvy pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed such\u00e9 listy strom\u016f \u010di ke\u0159\u016f, na ra\u0161elini\u0161t\u00edch zcela bez listnat\u00fdch d\u0159evin se tak nemohou rozmno\u017eovat.\r\n\r\nJe v\u00e1z\u00e1n na oligotrofn\u00ed mok\u0159ady, kter\u00e9 v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch rychle miz\u00ed kv\u016fli eutrofizaci prost\u0159ed\u00ed zap\u0159\u00ed\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nadu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm syntetick\u00fdch hnojiv v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b. D\u00e1le jeho biotopy ohro\u017euje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 zar\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159evinami \u010di vysu\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny. Jako ohro\u017een\u00fd byl tento druh za\u0159azen do \u010derven\u00fdch seznam\u016f pavouk\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky i okoln\u00edch zem\u00ed (N\u011bmecko, Rakousko). \u010cesk\u00e1 arachnologick\u00e1 komunita takt\u00e9\u017e navrhla tento druh za\u0159adit mezi z\u00e1konem chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 druhy.\r\n\r\nP\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u n\u00e1s pouze v oblastech, ve kter\u00fdch se zachovaly neeutrofizovan\u00e9 mok\u0159ady, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b na \u010ceskolipsku, Koko\u0159\u00ednsku, T\u0159ebo\u0148sku, \u0160umav\u011b, v \u010cesk\u00e9m lese, pod Rychlebsk\u00fdmi horami. Pozoruhodn\u00e9 je jeho izolovan\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed pam\u00e1tce Prameni\u0161t\u011b Blatovsk\u00e9ho potoka v Kl\u00e1novick\u00e9m lese na okraji Prahy. D\u00edky poloze uvnit\u0159 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho lesn\u00edho porostu (nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed lesn\u00ed komplex v okol\u00ed Prahy) je tato lokalita izolov\u00e1na od okoln\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajiny, a tak byla ochr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159ed eutrofizac\u00ed. Zde byl tento druh v r\u00e1mci \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed projektu \u010cesk\u00e9 arachnologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti financovan\u00e9ho Magistr\u00e1tem hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy ov\u011b\u0159en je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2019.\r\n\r\nPro\u010d byl vybr\u00e1n<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1k te\u010dkovan\u00fd byl zvolen pavoukem roku 2022 84 arachnology z 27 evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Byl vybr\u00e1n druh s fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed biologi\u00ed, samci \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch pavouk\u016f v Evrop\u011b si nenamlouvaj\u00ed samice pomoc\u00ed bubnov\u00e1n\u00ed do list\u016f. Volbou tohoto druhu nav\u00edc cht\u011bj\u00ed evrop\u0161t\u00ed arachnologov\u00e9 pouk\u00e1zat na rychl\u00e9 mizen\u00ed oligotrofn\u00edch mok\u0159ad\u016f v ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch poloh\u00e1ch. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 biotopy sl\u00ed\u010f\u00e1ka te\u010dkovan\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b chr\u00e1nit, je nutn\u00e9 zmapovat jeho aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. \u00dadaje o pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed (lokalizace ide\u00e1ln\u011b v podob\u011b GPS sou\u0159adnic, datum a autor pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt dolo\u017eeno fotografi\u00ed) mohou \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i zas\u00edlat na adresu rezac@vurv.cz<mailto:rezac@vurv.cz<\/a>>. Takto z\u00edskan\u00e1 data budou pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b vyhodnocov\u00e1na a zve\u0159ejn\u011bna na internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \u010cesk\u00e9 arachnologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti.\r\n\r\nMilan \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d & Christoph H\u00f6rweg<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Spinne des Jahres 2022<\/h4>\r\nTrommelwolf - Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInformation<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDer Trommelwolf, Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865), geh\u00f6rt zur Familie der Wolfspinnen (Lycosidae). Diese Spinnenfamilie z\u00e4hlt weltweit 2440 Arten, in Europa sind 352 Arten bekannt. In der Gattung Hygrolycosa <\/em>(Sumpfw\u00f6lfe) gibt es weltweit nur f\u00fcnf Arten, in Europa zwei, wobei Hygrolycosa strandi<\/em> ausschlie\u00dflich in Griechenland vorkommt. Somit ist in Mitteleuropa der Trommelwolf der einzige Vertreter dieser Gruppe.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nVerbreitung, Lebensraum und Gef\u00e4hrdung<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDer Trommelwolf ist pal\u00e4arktisch verbreitet. In Mitteleuropa bzw. \u00d6sterreich ist die Art vornehmlich an die planar-kolline H\u00f6henstufe (bis 800m Seeh\u00f6he) gebunden. Es handelt sich um eine der seltensten Spinnen \u00d6sterreichs mit nur wenigen Nachweisen aus Vorarlberg, der Steiermark und dem Burgenland, bedingt auch durch den speziellen Lebensraum. Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> bevorzugt nasse Habitate und ist daher nur in ausgew\u00e4hlten, naturnahen Standorten wie etwa in Mooren, Sumpf-, Nass- und Feuchtwiesen oder in feuchten (Schlucht-)W\u00e4ldern anzutreffen. Durch die zunehmende Bedrohung und Zerst\u00f6rung vieler seiner bevorzugten Lebensr\u00e4ume steht der Trommelwolf daher auf der Roten Liste bedrohter Tier- und Pflanzenarten, in \u00d6sterreich gilt er als vom Aussterben bedroht, in Deutschland als gef\u00e4hrdet.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nBeschreibung<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie K\u00f6rperl\u00e4nge von Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> betr\u00e4gt 5 \u2013 6 mm. Eine Unterscheidung der Geschlechter ist nicht \u2013 wie oft bei Spinnen \u2013 \u00fcber die K\u00f6rpergr\u00f6\u00dfe (wobei die Weibchen meist gr\u00f6\u00dfer sind), sondern durch die unterschiedliche F\u00e4rbung und Zeichnung gegeben. Die M\u00e4nnchen sind fast schwarz, der Vorderk\u00f6rper mit drei undeutlichen hellen L\u00e4ngsbinden, der Hinterk\u00f6rper dunkelbraun-schwarz mit vier verbundenen L\u00e4ngsreihen wei\u00dfer Punkte, die Beine zweifarbig, schwarz-hellbraun. Die Weibchen haben einen hellbraunen Vorderk\u00f6rper mit zwei dunklen bzw. drei hellen L\u00e4ngsbinden, des Weiteren zwei schm\u00e4lere Fleckenreihen, und auch einen helleren Hinterk\u00f6rper. Die Beine sind hellbraun mit dunklen Punkten.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLebensweise<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDer Trommelwolf baut wie die meisten Wolfspinnen kein eigenes Netz, sondern wartet als tagaktiver Lauerj\u00e4ger auf seine Beute, vornehmlich Insekten.\r\n\r\nZur Balz im Fr\u00fchjahr trommeln die m\u00e4nnlichen Tiere mit ihrem Hinterleib auf trockene Bl\u00e4tter und erzeugen dadurch ein auch f\u00fcr den Menschen h\u00f6rbares, \u201eschnurrendes\u201c Trommelger\u00e4usch, welches dieser Spinne auch zu Ihrem deutschen Namen verholfen hat.\r\n\r\nNach der Paarung legen die Weibchen ungef\u00e4hr 60 Eier in den Kokon. Generell sind\r\n\r\nWolfspinnen-Weibchen f\u00fcr ihre f\u00fcrsorgliche Brutpflege bekannt. Sie tragen ihren Kokon an den Spinnwarzen angeheftet und f\u00fchren ihn st\u00e4ndig mit sich herum. Nach dem Ausschl\u00fcpfen der Jungen klettern diese meist auf den R\u00fccken der Mutter und werden von ihr mitgetragen. Bei Hygroylosa rubrofasciata<\/em> ist dieses Verhalten in einem Aspekt abweichend: hier halten sich die Jungtiere n\u00e4mlich nicht am R\u00fccken der Mutter, sondern am leeren Kokon fest \u2013 m\u00f6glicherweise eine Anpassung an den nass-feuchten Lebensraum.\r\n\r\nAusgewachsen kommt der Trommelwolf von M\u00e4rz bis November vor, wobei die M\u00e4nnchen meist nach der Paarung sterben, die Weibchen aber oft noch den Winter \u00fcberdauern k\u00f6nnen.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u00c4hnliche Art<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn (Mittel-)Europa kommt der Trommelwolf als einzige Art seiner Gattung vor und ist auch aufgrund der F\u00e4rbung und Zeichnung einigerma\u00dfen gut zu bestimmen. Von unge\u00fcbten Beobachtern k\u00f6nnte Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> eventuell mit Zora spinimana<\/em>, dem Gew\u00f6hnlichen Stachelbein (Familie Miturgidae \u2013 Wanderspinnen), die in \u00e4hnlichen Lebensr\u00e4umen lebt, verwechselt werden.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWarum wurde der Trommelwolf zur Europ\u00e4ischen Spinne des Jahres gew\u00e4hlt? <\/strong>\r\n\r\nMit dieser stark gef\u00e4hrdeten Art, die in \u00d6sterreich sogar vom Aussterben bedroht ist, soll auf die Bedrohung und Zerst\u00f6rung entsprechender Lebensr\u00e4ume \u2013 in diesem Fall speziell auf das Austrocknen der Moore, hingewiesen werden. Dies umso mehr, als Moore auch in Hinblick auf den Klimawandel in ihrer Rolle als Kohlenstoffspeicher immer wichtiger werden.\r\n\r\nZudem ist es spannend und kurios genug, dass man eine Spinne trommeln h\u00f6ren kann. Und auch das Verhalten der Jungtiere, n\u00e4mlich nach dem Schl\u00fcpfen auf dem Kokon zu bleiben, ist eine Seltenheit bei Wolfspinnen.\r\n\r\nMit der Wahl der Spinne des Jahres soll aber nicht nur eine \u201ewenig beliebte\u201c Tiergruppe ins rechte Licht ger\u00fcckt und auf einen bedrohten Lebensraum hingewiesen werden, sondern gleichzeitig erhoffen sich die Wissenschaftler, Daten zur aktuellen Verbreitung zu bekommen. In diesem Sinne: erfreuen Sie sich an der Spinne des Jahres und helfen Sie mit ihrer Fundmeldung oder ihrem Foto bei der Dokumentation dieser Art.\r\n\r\nGew\u00e4hlt wurde die \u201eEurop\u00e4ische Spinne des Jahres\u201c von 84 Arachnologen aus 27 europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern. Die Koordination der Wahl liegt beim Naturhistorischen Museum Wien, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft (AraGes) und der European Society of Arachnology (ESA).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki 2022<\/strong>\r\n\r\nRummuttajasusih\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nRummuttajasusih\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki, Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Ohlert, 1865), kuuluu juoksuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkien heimoon (Lycosidae). Lajista harrastajat ovat k\u00e4ytt\u00e4neet viime aikoina my\u00f6s nime\u00e4 \u201crumpalirevokki\u201d.\u00a0 Juoksuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkien heimoon kuuluu noin 2450 lajia maailmanlaajuisesti, n\u00e4ist\u00e4 noin 350 tunnetaan Euroopasta. Hygrolycosa<\/em>-suvussa on kaikkiaan vain viisi lajia, joista ainoastaan\u00a0 rummuttajasusih\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki esiintyy Keski- ja Pohjois-Euroopassa. Lis\u00e4ksi toinen laji el\u00e4\u00e4 mahdollisesti Kreikassa.\r\n\r\nHygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> on levinnyt kautta Palearktisen vy\u00f6hykkeen. Euroopassa lajia tavataan alankoalueilla ja matalilla vuorilla (Keski-Euroopassa 800 m korkeuteen merenpinnasta). Suomessa sit\u00e4 tavataan l\u00e4hes koko maassa Mets\u00e4-Lappiin asti. Laji on erikoistunut kosteisiin, soistuneisiin elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ihin. Niinp\u00e4 sit\u00e4 tavataan erilaisilla soilla, kosteilla niityill\u00e4 ja soistuneissa metsiss\u00e4. Koska lajin suosimia habitaatteja uhkaa monin paikoin ihmistoiminta, on rummuttajasusih\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki arvioitu er\u00e4iss\u00e4 maissa uhanalaiseksi Punaisen listan lajiksi, esimerkiksi It\u00e4vallassa ja Saksassa. Meill\u00e4 Suomessa laji ei ole uhanalainen, vaan se on\u00a0 luokiteltu elinvoimaiseksi.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nLajin ruumiin pituus on 5-6 mm. Sukupuolten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei ole kokoeroa \u2013 kuten on usein h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4keill\u00e4 (tavallisesti naaraat ovat suurempia) - mutta v\u00e4reiss\u00e4 ja kuvioissa on eroja. Koiraat ovat tummia, melkein mustia.\u00a0 Niiden eturuumissa on kolme heikosti n\u00e4kyv\u00e4\u00e4 vaaleaa pituusjuovaa, takaruumiis on tummanruskea tai musta, ja siin\u00e4 on nelj\u00e4 rivi\u00e4 vaaleita pilkkuja. Raajat ovat melkein mustat, k\u00e4rkijaokkeet vaaleammat (ruskeat). Naaraiden eturuumis on vaalean ruskea tai punaruskea ja siin\u00e4 on kolme selv\u00e4sti n\u00e4kyv\u00e4\u00e4 vaaleaa pituusjuovaa, joissa reunimmaisissa on pieni\u00e4 tummi\u00e4 t\u00e4pli\u00e4. Takaruumis on my\u00f6s vaaleanruskea ja kuviointi muistuttaa koiraan vastaavaa, raajat ovat vaaleanruskea ja t\u00e4plikk\u00e4\u00e4t.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nKuten useimmat muutkin juoksuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkilajit, rummuttajasusih\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki ei kudo pyyntiverkkoja vaan on p\u00e4iv\u00e4saikaan aktiivinen saaliinsa v\u00e4ijyj\u00e4, pyydyst\u00e4en p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa hy\u00f6nteisi\u00e4. Paritteluaikaan kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 koiraat rummuttavat takaruumillaan kuivia lehti\u00e4 saaden aikaan \u00e4\u00e4nen, joka on jopa ihmisen kuultavissa \u201csurisevana\u201d rummutuksena. T\u00e4st\u00e4 johtuu luonnollisesti lajin nimi. Rummutus liittyy sukupuolivalintaan, ja sit\u00e4 on tutkittu mm. Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopistossa. Parittelun j\u00e4lkeen naaraat munivat noin 60 munaa seitist\u00e4 kutomaansa munakoteloon (munapalloon). Juoksuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkien naaraat ovat tunnettuja huolellisesta j\u00e4lkel\u00e4istensa hoidosta. Ne kiinnitt\u00e4v\u00e4t munapallon kehruunystyihins\u00e4 ja kuljettvat sit\u00e4 mukanaan. Kun nuoret h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kit kuoriutuvat ne kiipe\u00e4v\u00e4t naaraan selk\u00e4\u00e4n ja kulkevat siten emonsa mukana. Hygrolycosa rubrofasciatan<\/em> kohdalla tilanne on hieman erilainen; h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin nuoret poikaset eiv\u00e4t tartu emonsa selk\u00e4\u00e4n vaan tyhj\u00e4\u00e4n munakoteloonsa \u2013 se on mahdollisesti sopeutuma kosteaan elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6\u00f6n. Aikuisia rummuttajasusih\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkej\u00e4 tavataan meill\u00e4 huhtikuulta lokakuulle. Koiraat kuolevat tavallisesti parittelun j\u00e4lkeen, mutta naaraat voivat selvit\u00e4 talven yli.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nHygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> on ainoa sukunsa edustaja Keski-ja Pohjois-Euroopassa, ja naaras on suhteellisen helposti tunnistettavissa v\u00e4rityksens\u00e4 perusteella. Kokematon havainnoija voi kuitenkin sekoittaa sen okajalkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkiin Zora spinimana <\/em>(heimosta Miturgidae), joka el\u00e4\u00e4 samanlaisissa elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6iss\u00e4. N\u00e4m\u00e4 lajit erottaa kuitenkin helposti niiden silmien koosta ja niiden sijainnista.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nMiksi rummuttajasusih\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki valittiin eurooppalaiseksi vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kiksi?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLaji on uhanalainen etel\u00e4mp\u00e4n\u00e4, esimerksi It\u00e4vallasssa l\u00e4hell\u00e4 sukupuuttoon h\u00e4vi\u00e4mist\u00e4. Siksi haluttiin tuoda julkisuuteen sen elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6jen tuhoutumisen uhka ihmisen toimesta eli soiden kuivaaminen. Asia on erityisen huomion arvoinen nyt ilmastomuutoksen aikana, koska suot ovat osoittautuneet hyvin t\u00e4rkeiksi hiilinieluiksi. Lis\u00e4ksi Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata-<\/em>koiraiden rummutuksen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 kosintamenoissa on hyvin kiinnostavaa, kuten my\u00f6s nuorten juuri kuoriutuneiden j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isten tarttuminen tyhj\u00e4\u00e4n munakoteloon \u00e4itins\u00e4 sel\u00e4n asemasta. Vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin valinnalla tutkijat pyrkiv\u00e4t tuomaan esiin t\u00e4m\u00e4n \u201cv\u00e4hemm\u00e4n suositun\u201d el\u00e4inryhm\u00e4n merkitt\u00e4vyytt\u00e4. Tutkijat toivovat my\u00f6s ajantasaista tietoa lajin esiintymisest\u00e4, erityisesti maissa joissa se on uhanalainen. Toivottavasti nautit vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin seuraamisesta.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nEurooppalaisen vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin on valinnut 84 araknologia (h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkien tutkijaa) 27 Euroopan maasta. \u00c4\u00e4nestyksen on koordinoinut Wienin Luonnonhistoriallinen museo yhdess\u00e4 saksankielisen h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkiseuran (Arachnologische Gesellschaft, AraGes) ja Euroopan h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkitutkijain seuran (European Society of Arachnology, ESA) kanssa.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg & Seppo Koponen<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Europejski Paj\u0105k Roku 2022<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKrzecznik - Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nInformacje<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865) nale\u017cy do rodziny pogo\u0144cowatych (Lycosidae), obejmuj\u0105cej 2440 gatunk\u00f3w, 352 znane s\u0105 z Europy. W Polsce odnotowano dotychczas 66 gatunk\u00f3w.\r\n\r\nRodzaj Hygrolycosa<\/em> reprezentowany jest zaledwie przez 5 gatunk\u00f3w, 2 wyst\u0119puj\u0105 w Europie. Tegoroczny zwyci\u0119zca ma szeroki zasi\u0119g geograficzny, natomiast Hygrolycosa strandi <\/em>stwierdzano wy\u0142\u0105cznie w Grecji.\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nRozmieszczenie, \u015brodowisko \u017cycia, zagro\u017cenia<\/strong>\r\n\r\nHygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>jest gatunkiem o zasi\u0119gu palearktycznym. W Centralnej Europie zamieszkuje r\u00f3wniny i pog\u00f3rza do wysoko\u015bci 800 metr\u00f3w n.p.m. W niekt\u00f3rych krajach nale\u017cy do rzadszych paj\u0105k\u00f3w, a nawet miewa status gatunku zagro\u017conego wygini\u0119ciem. Na przyk\u0142ad w Austrii wyst\u0119puje tylko w Vorarlberg (Styria) i w Burgenland. W Polsce odnotowywany jest z rozproszonych stanowisk w ca\u0142ym kraju. Preferuje torfowiska, turzycowiska, wilgotne \u0142\u0105ki i zaro\u015bla, olsy, \u0142\u0119gi i bory bagienne.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nOpis<\/strong>\r\n\r\nW odr\u00f3\u017cnieniu od paj\u0105k\u00f3w sieciowych, u kt\u00f3rych samice s\u0105 cz\u0119sto znacznie wi\u0119ksze od samc\u00f3w, u Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 cia\u0142a obu p\u0142ci jest podobna i wynosi 5\u20136 mm. Samce s\u0105 niemal czarne, g\u0142owotu\u0142\u00f3w ma trzy s\u0142abo widoczne jasne, pod\u0142u\u017cne pasy, odw\u0142ok jest nieco ja\u015bniejszy, z czterema pod\u0142u\u017cnymi rz\u0119dami bia\u0142ych plamek. Nogi s\u0105 dwubarwne, czarne do br\u0105zowych. G\u0142owotu\u0142\u00f3w samic jest jasnobr\u0105zowy z trzema ja\u015bniejszymi, pod\u0142u\u017cnymi liniami. Odw\u0142ok jest jasny, a nogi bladobr\u0105zowe z ciemnymi plamami. Co wa\u017cne, ubarwienie Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>wykazuje do\u015b\u0107 znaczny stopie\u0144 zmienno\u015bci, co uwidoczniono na fotografiach.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nSpos\u00f3b \u017cycia<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPodobnie jak wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 pogo\u0144c\u00f3w, tegoroczny zwyci\u0119zca nie buduje sieci. Poluje aktywnie b\u0105d\u017a z zasadzki w ci\u0105gu dnia. Jego ofiarami s\u0105 inne stawonogi, g\u0142\u00f3wnie owady. W czasie sezonu godowego samce przywabiaj\u0105 samice, b\u0119bni\u0105c odw\u0142okiem o suche li\u015bcie (st\u0105d angielska nazwa drumming<\/em> wolf spider<\/em> \u2013 czyli b\u0119bni\u0105cy pogoniec). D\u017awi\u0119k s\u0142yszalny jest nawet dla ludzkiego ucha, a b\u0119bni\u0105ce osobniki mo\u017cna spotka\u0107 od marca do listopada. Po zalotach samce zwykle gin\u0105, natomiast samice cz\u0119sto prze\u017cywaj\u0105 zim\u0119. Kokony zawieraj\u0105 ok. 60 jaj. Samice przyczepiaj\u0105 je do k\u0105dzio\u0142k\u00f3w i nosz\u0105 po okolicy, zapewniaj\u0105c ochron\u0119 i optymalne warunki inkubacji. Prawie u wszystkich Lycosidae m\u0142ode po wykluciu wdrapuj\u0105 si\u0119 na grzbiet matki. U Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> pozostaj\u0105 na powierzchni kokonu przez 2-5 dni, a nast\u0119pnie rozpraszaj\u0105 si\u0119.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPodobne gatunki <\/strong>\r\n\r\nW Centralnej Europie krzecznik jest jedynym reprezentantem rodzaju Hygrolycosa<\/em>. Stosunkowo \u0142atwo go rozpozna\u0107 po ubarwieniu, ale niedo\u015bwiadczony obserwator mo\u017ce go pomyli\u0107 z Zora spinimana<\/em> (rodzina Miturgidae) - zw\u0142aszcza, \u017ce oba wyst\u0119puj\u0105 w podobnych, wilgotnych \u015brodowiskach.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDlaczego krzecznik zosta\u0142 tegorocznym zwyci\u0119zc\u0105?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPo pierwsze, jest gatunkiem wska\u017anikowym zachodz\u0105cych w \u015brodowisku zmian. Dotyczy to teren\u00f3w podmok\u0142ych, w tym torfowisk, kt\u00f3re w Europe \u015arodkowej maj\u0105 endemiczny i reliktowy charakter. Ich degradacja stanowi nie tylko zagro\u017cenie dla \u017cyj\u0105cych tam rzadkich gatunk\u00f3w ro\u015blin i zwierz\u0105t, ale powoduje uwalnianie si\u0119 ogromnych ilo\u015bci dwutlenku w\u0119gla i metanu, co wp\u0142ywa na post\u0119puj\u0105ce ocieplanie klimatu. Drugi pow\u00f3d wyboru ma zwi\u0105zek z ciekawymi zachowaniami godowymi (b\u0119bnienie) i macierzy\u0144sk\u0105 opiek\u0105 samic nad kokonami. Uwag\u0119 zwraca tak\u017ce zachowanie m\u0142odych, kt\u00f3re po wykluciu pozostaj\u0105 na \u015bciankach pustego kokonu. Wreszcie, wyb\u00f3r Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>Europejskim Paj\u0105kiem Roku ma zach\u0119ci\u0107 do podj\u0119cia bardziej szczeg\u00f3\u0142owych bada\u0144 dotycz\u0105cych jego rozmieszczenia i biologii. Zapewne pozwoli tak\u017ce na sformu\u0142owanie zalece\u0144 co do ochrony zagro\u017conych siedlisk.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nEuropejski Paj\u0105 Roku 2022 zosta\u0142 wybrany w drodze g\u0142osowania 84 arachnolog\u00f3w z 27 europejskich kraj\u00f3w. Koordynatorem projektu by\u0142o Natural History Museum of Vienna, we wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy z Arachnologische Gesellschaft (AraGes) i European Society of Arachnology (ESA).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nOsoba kontaktowa projektu ESY<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDr Milan \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d, Biodiversity Lab, Crop Research Institute, Drnovsk\u00e1 507\r\n16106 Praha 6 \u2013 Ruzyn\u011b, Czech Republic, rezac(a)vurv.cz\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nKraje uczestnicz\u0105ce w projekcie<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAlbania, Austria, Belgia, Bu\u0142garia, Chorwacja, Dania, Francja, Finlandia, Hiszpania, Holandia, Irlandia, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Macedonia, Niemcy, Norwegia, Polska, Portugalia, Czechy, Serbia, S\u0142owacja, S\u0142owenia, Szwajcaria, Szwecja, W\u0119gry, Wielka Brytania, W\u0142ochy.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nInstytucje wspieraj\u0105ce projekt ESY<\/strong>\r\n\r\n- ABEL - Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging (link) <\/a>\r\n\r\n- AGES - Arachnologische Gesellschaft (link) <\/a>\r\n\r\n- BAS - The British Arachnological Society (link) <\/a>\r\n\r\n- CAS - \u010cesk\u00e1 arachnologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost (link) <\/a>\r\n\r\n- ESA - European Society of Arachnology (link)\r\n<\/a>- GIA - Grupo Ib\u00e9rico de Aracnolog\u00eda GIA (link)\r\n<\/a>- NATURDATA - Biodiversidade online (link)\r\n<\/a>\r\n\r\nGalerie zdj\u0119\u0107<\/strong>\r\n\r\n- spiderling.de (link)\r\n<\/a>- Wiki of the Spinnen-Forum (link)\r\n<\/a>- Wikimedia commons (link)\r\n<\/a>- Arachno (link)<\/a>\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMapy rozmieszczenia<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEuropa \u2013 (link)\r\n<\/a>Austria \u2013\u00a0(link)\r\n<\/a>Republika Czeska \u2013 (link<\/a>)\r\nDania \u2013 (link<\/a>)\r\nNiemcy \u2013\u00a0(link<\/a>)\r\nWielka Brytania \u2013\u00a0(link<\/a>)\r\nW\u0142ochy \u2013 (link<\/a>)\r\nSzwajcaria \u2013\u00a0(link<\/a>)\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLiteratura\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nArachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2021 Atlas der Spinnentiere Europas (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Amblypygi, Solifugae, Scorpiones, Schizomida)<\/em> f\u00fcr Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>\u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021)\r\n\r\nArachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2021 Wiki des Spinnen-Forums \u2013 (link<\/a>) (09.12.2021)\r\n\r\nBellmann H 2016 Der Kosmos Spinnenf\u00fchrer. Frackh-Kosmos Stuttgart. 429 pp.\r\n\r\nBlick T, Bosmans R, Buchar J, Gajdo\u0161 P, H\u00e4nggi A, Helsdingen P van, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka V, Star\u0119ga W & Thaler K 2004 Checkliste der Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. (Arachnida: Araneae). Version 1. Dezember 2004\r\n\r\nBraun R 1976 Zur Aut\u00f6kologie und Ph\u00e4nologie einiger f\u00fcr das Rhein-Main-Gebiet und die Rheinpfalz neuer Spinnenarten (Arachnida: Araneida) \u2013 Jahrb\u00fccher des Nassauischen Vereins f\u00fcr Naturkunde 103:24-68.\r\n\r\nBreitling R, Merches E, Muster C, Duske K, Grabolle A, Hohner M, Komposch C, Lemke M, Sch\u00e4fer M & Blick T 2020 Liste der Popul\u00e4rnamen der Spinnen Deutschlands (Araneae) \u2013\r\n\r\nArachnologische Mitteilungen 59:38-60. doi: 10.30963\/aramit5907<\/a>\r\n\r\nBuchar J & Thaler K 1995 Die Wolfspinnen von \u00d6sterreich 2: Gattungen Arctosa<\/em>, Tricca<\/em>, Trochosa<\/em> (Arachnida, Araneida: Lycosidae) - Faunistisch-tiergeographische \u00dcbersicht \u2013 Carinthia II 185.\/105.:481-498.\r\n\r\nCSCF (Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune) 2019 Fauna der Schweiz \u2013 Spinnentiere oder Arachniden (Skorpione, Pseudoskorpione, Spinnen, Weberknechte, Milben) \u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0bzw. Verbreitungskarte f\u00fcr\u00a0Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em>:\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(07.12.2020)\r\n\r\nDeutsche Digitale Bibliothek 2021 Kultur und Wissen online, Tonaufnahmen, Tierstimmenarchiv vom Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Berlin: Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em>. (link)<\/a> (21.12.2021)\r\n\r\nDolej\u0161 P 2013 Do really all wolf spiders carry spiderlings on their opisthosomas? The case of Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Araneae: Lycosidae) \u2013 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 45:30-35. doi: 10.5431\/aramit4507<\/a>\r\n\r\nFoelix RF 2015 Biologie der Spinnen. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 430 pp.\r\n\r\nH\u00e4nggi A, St\u00f6ckli E & Nentwig W 1995 Lebensr\u00e4ume mitteleurop\u00e4ischer Spinnen. Charakterisierung der Lebensr\u00e4ume der h\u00e4ufigsten Spinnenarten Mitteleuropas und der mit diesen vergesellschafteten Arten \u2013 Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4: 1-459\r\n\r\nHelsdingen PJ van 2021 Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea version 2017.06 \u2013 (link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021)\r\n\r\nK\u00f6hler D & Tembrock G 1987 Akustische Signale bei der Wolfsspinne Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Arachnida: Lycosidae) \u2013 Zoologischer Anzeiger 219:147\u2013153.\r\n\r\nKronestedt T 1984 Sound production in the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Ohlert) (Araneae, Lycosidae) \u2013 Fauna och flora 79(3):97-107.\r\n\r\nKronestedt T 1996 Vibratory communication in the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Araneae, Lycosidae) \u2013 Revue Suisse de Zoologie Suppl. 1996:341-354.\r\n\r\nMuster C 2021 Artenportrait Trommelwolf in Rote-Liste-Zentrum. (link)<\/a> (21.12.2021)\r\n\r\nNentwig W, Blick T, Bosmans R, Gloor D, H\u00e4nggi A & Kropf C 2021 araneae \u2013 Spiders of Europe, version 12.2021 \u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021). doi: 10.24436\/1<\/a>\r\n\r\nReichholf JH & Steinbach G 1997 Die grosse Enzyklop\u00e4die der Insekten, Spinnen- und Krebstiere, Band 1. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag G\u00fctersloh. 360 pp.\r\n\r\nWorld Spider Catalog 2021 World Spider Catalog, version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern \u2013\u00a0(link)<\/a>\u00a0(09.12.2021)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nT\u0142umaczenie i redakcja tekstu: prof. dr hab. Marek \u017babka<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Evropski pajek leta 2022<\/strong>\r\n\r\nRde\u010deprogasti vlagoljubni volkec - Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nInformacije<\/strong>\r\n\r\nRde\u010deprogasti vlagoljubni volkec, vrsta Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> (Ohlert, 1865), spada v dru\u017eino pajkov volkcev (Lycosidae). Po vsem svetu ta dru\u017eina pajkov obsega 2440 vrst, od tega je v Evropi znanih 352 vrst. Rodu Hygrolycosa<\/em> po vsem svetu pripada le pet vrst. Dve od njih najdemo v Evropi, od tega vrsto Hygrolycosa strandi<\/em> le v Gr\u010diji. Tako je rde\u010deprogasti vlagoljubni volkec edini predstavnik te skupine v srednji Evrope.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nRaz\u0161irjenost, habitat, ogro\u017eenost<\/strong>\r\n\r\nRde\u010deprogasti vlagoljubni volkec je raz\u0161irjen po celotni Palearktiki. V srednji Evropi ga obi\u010dajno najdemo na ravnicah in gri\u010devjih (do 800 m nadmorske vi\u0161ine). V Sloveniji je vrsta redko najdena in znana samo iz Krasa. Vrsta Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> najpogosteje najdemo na vla\u017enih rasti\u0161\u010dih, kot so barja, mo\u010dvirja ter vla\u017eni travniki in gozdovi. Zaradi vse ve\u010djih posegov in celo uni\u010devanja teh habitatov, je rde\u010deprogasti vlagoljubni volkec pogosto uvr\u0161\u010den na Rde\u010di seznam ogro\u017eenih \u017eivalskih in rastlinskih vrst. V Sloveniji vrsta zaradi slabe poznanosti ni uvr\u0161\u010dena na podobne sezname.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nOpis<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDol\u017eina telesa pri vrsti Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> je 5 \u2013 6 mm. Velikostne razlike med spoloma ni, \u010deprav je to pri pajkih pogosto (obi\u010dajno so samice ve\u010dje). Razlike med spoloma opazimo v obarvanosti. Samci so skoraj \u010drni. Vzdol\u017e glavoprsja potekajo tri blede proge. Trebu\u0161na stran je temno rjava do \u010drna, vzdol\u017eno s \u0161tirimi povezanimi vrstami belih lis. Noge so dveh barv, najprej \u010drne, proti koncu pa postajajo rjave. Glavoprsja samic je svetlo rjav do oran\u017eno rjavo, s tremi vzdol\u017enimi, bledimi progami in dvema tankima vrstama lis. Tudi trebu\u0161ni del samic je bled, noge so bledo rjave s temnimi lisami. Iz obarvanosti samic in vla\u017enega \u017eivljenjskega okolja verjetno izvira njihovo znanstveno ime, ki se odra\u017ea tudi v navadnem slovenskem imenu.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nNa\u010din \u017eivljenja<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKot ve\u010dina pajkov volkcev, tudi rde\u010deprogasti vlagoljubni volkec ne gradi lovilne mre\u017ee, ampak je kot plenilec iz zasede aktiven podnevi, ko \u010daka na svoj plen, predvsem \u017eu\u017eelke.\r\n\r\nV \u010dasu parjenja, ki je spomladi, samci s trebuhom bobnajo po suhih listih in s tem generirajo zvok, ki je sli\u0161en celo ljudem in podoben bobnajo\u010demu \"predenju\". Od tod navadno ime vrste v nekaterih tujih jezikih, ki bi ga lahko prevedli v \u00bbbobnajo\u010di pajek volkec\u00ab.\r\n\r\nPo parjenju samice v jaj\u010dno vre\u010dko odlo\u017eijo okoli 60 jaj\u010dec. Samice pajkov volkcev so splo\u0161no znane po skrbni negi zaroda. Vre\u010dko z jajci (kokon) pritrdijo na predilne bradavice in ga nosijo s seboj. Ko se mladi\u010di izle\u017eejo, se obi\u010dajno povzpnejo na materin hrbet, kjer ostanejo \u0161e nekaj \u010dasa. Pri vrsti Hygroylosa rubrofasciata<\/em> je v tem vedenju majhna razlika. Tu se pajkici ne dr\u017eijo materinega hrbta, ampak se namesto tega primejo za prazno jaj\u010dno vre\u010dko \u2013 morda kot prilagoditev njihovim vla\u017enim habitatom.\r\n\r\nOdrasle rde\u010deprogaste vlagoljubne volkce lahko najdemo od marca do novembra. Samci obi\u010dajno umrejo kmalu po parjenju, samice pa pogosto pre\u017eivijo zimo.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPodobne vrste <\/strong>\r\n\r\nV (srednji) Evropi je rde\u010deprogasti vlagoljubni volkec edina vrsta v svojem rodu in ga je dokaj enostavno prepoznati na podlagi njegove barve in barvnih vzorcev. Za neizku\u0161ene opazovalce bi lahko vrsto Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata<\/em> zamenjali z vrsto Zora spinimana<\/em> (dru\u017eina Miturgidae), ki jo najdemo v podobnih habitatih.\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nZakaj je bil rde\u010deprogasti vlagoljubni volkec izbran za evropskega pajka leta?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTa zelo ogro\u017eena vrsta, ki je v mnogih dr\u017eavah tik pred izumrtjem, bi morala vzbuditi pozornost o negativnih u\u010dinkih habitatov \u2013 v tem primeru na izsu\u0161itev mo\u010dvirij in barij. To je \u0161e posebej pomembno v zvezi s podnebnimi spremembami, saj se je izkazalo, da so barja lahko \u0161e posebej pomemben vir shranjevanja ogljika.\r\n\r\nPoleg tega je vedno razburljivo sre\u010dati tega redkega pajka, sli\u0161ati kako bobna, pa tudi vedenje mladi\u010dev je med pajki volkci nenavadno.\r\n\r\nZ izbiro pajka leta v sredi\u0161\u010de pozornosti postavljamo v javnosti \u00bbmanj priljubljeno\u00ab \u017eivalsko skupino in posku\u0161amo pritegniti pozornost na ogro\u017eene habitate te vrste. Obenem upamo, da bodo raziskovalci o njeni raz\u0161irjenosti prispevali najnovej\u0161e informacije. V tem kontekstu u\u017eivajte v pajku leta in nam pomagajte z informacijami o novih najdbah ali fotografijami, ki bi nam pomagale dokumentirati to vrsto.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nEvropskega pajka leta izbira 84 arahnologov iz 27 evropskih dr\u017eav. Glasovanje usklajuje Prirodoslovni muzej na Dunaju, v sodelovanju z dru\u0161tvom Arachnologische Gesellschaft (AraGes) in Evropskim arahnolo\u0161kim zdru\u017eenjem (ESA).\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg & Matja\u017e Gregori\u010d<\/p> <\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/code><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spider of the year 2022
\nThe drumming wolf spider
\nHygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865)
\nInformation<\/p>\n

The drumming wolf spider, Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata <\/em>(Ohlert, 1865), belongs to the wolf spider family (Lycosidae). This family of spiders has 2440 species throughout the world,<\/p>\n

…<\/span><\/p>\n

Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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