{"id":3528,"date":"2024-01-03T08:56:37","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T07:56:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?page_id=3528"},"modified":"2026-02-12T12:37:25","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T11:37:25","slug":"2024-nesticus-cellulanus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?page_id=3528","title":{"rendered":"2024 Nesticus cellulanus"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Spider of the year 2024<\/h1>\n<h3><strong>Comb-footed Cellar Spider<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757)<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_3538\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3538\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3538 ml-lightbox-enabled\" src=\"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/2024_Nesticus-cellulanus01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3538\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nesticus cellulanus, female (photo: Klaus Bogon).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The comb-footed cellar spider, <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757), belongs to the family Nesticidae. This spider family comprises 291 species worldwide, of which 58 are known in Europe (including Turkey and the Caucasus). In the genus <em>Nesticus <\/em>(true cave spiders) there is only this single species in Central Europe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Distribution, habitat and endangerment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The comb-footed cellar spider is widespread and common throughout Europe and into Turkey. In Central Europe the species is mainly restricted to planar-colline altitudes (up to 800m above sea level), but there is also evidence for it reaching almost 1000m above sea level. <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> lives mainly in caves and mine tunnels. In almost all Red Lists, the species is not considered endangered, but can be on the &#8220;near threatened&#8221; list as in Carinthia in Austria for example.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3539\" style=\"width: 1210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3539\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3539 ml-lightbox-enabled\" src=\"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/2024_Nesticus-cellulanus02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3539\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nesticus cellulanus, female (photo: Klaus Bogon).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"spoiler_link_show\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"wpSpoilerToggle(document.getElementById('id1889518306'), this, '', '')\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"spoiler_div\" id=\"id1889518306\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The body length of <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> is 3.5\u20136 mm in females, while males are slightly smaller at 3\u20135 mm. The front half of the body is yellowish in colour and has a blackish marking. The sternum is light yellow with black spots. The abdomen is greyish-yellowish-whitish with blackish spots, and the legs are yellowish with black annulations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lifestyle<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As its name suggests, the comb-footed cellar spider is mostly found in caves, mine tunnels, grottoes and old cellar vaults. It is therefore dependent on locations with a cool and humid microclimate. These places must also be protected from frost and not have large temperature fluctuations. For this reason, the species can occasionally be found in open habitats in the crevice system of scree slopes, in dark, damp crevices in the earth, under moss cushions, in hollow trees or in well shafts.<\/p>\n<p><em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> usually builds a wide-meshed sheet web in the hollows of cave walls, from which capture threads run downwards. The lower part of each capture thread is covered with a very regularly arranged row of glue droplets. Once a prey animal has become entangled in the sticky droplets, the spider throws further trapping threads over it, kills the prey with several venomous bites and then pulls it up into the sheet web. Typical prey are animals walking on the ground or on the walls, such as mosquitoes or other insects.<\/p>\n<p>Mating behavior also has some peculiarities: mating is preceded by courtship, with the male plucking on a thread of the female&#8217;s web. And after a brief copulation lasting only a few minutes, in which both partners hang backwards in the net, the female helps the male to insert the pedipalp.<\/p>\n<p>The spherical reddish-yellow egg cocoon, in which the female lays the eggs, is carried by the female on her spinnerets until the young spiders hatch, and only later attached to the web.<\/p>\n<p>Maturity and the reproductive period extends continuously throughout the year, such that all growth stages can be encountered at the same time, albeit with an accumulation of adults during the summer months.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Similar Species<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The comb-footed cellar spider can be confused with the much rarer pale cave spider (<em>Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em>), which is somewhat brighter in color. The dark central stripe on the forebody of the comb-footed cellar spider runs from front to back and becomes narrow from the middle or is no longer present at all in the pale cave spider. A reliable distinction can only be made by examining the genitalia or through DNA barcoding.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why was the comb-footed cellar spider voted European Spider of the Year? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The election followed an inquiry by the Association of German Cave and Karst Researchers, which has been selecting a Cave Animal of the Year since 2009. Its members had the idea \u2013 similar to 2012, when the cave spider <em>Meta menardi <\/em>was selected \u2013 to combine the cave animal and the spider of the year. This proposal was endorsed by the &#8220;Spider Jury&#8221; (84 arachnologists from 27 European countries). This is also to be understood as a clear sign that there is still great need for action, especially in the study of underground ecosystems and the species occurring in them, and that the good cooperation between cave researchers (speleologists) and spider researchers (arachnologists) should be further expanded.<\/p>\n<p>The selection of the Spider of the Year is not only intended to put a &#8220;less popular&#8221; group of animals in a good light and to draw attention to endangered habitats \u2013 in this case caves as special habitats worthy of protection \u2013 but at the same time the scientists hope to obtain data on its current distribution. With this in mind: keep your eyes open the next time you visit a cave and help to document this species with your discovery and\/or photo.<\/p>\n<p>The Spider of the Year is coordinated by the Natural History Museum Vienna, in cooperation with the Arachnologischen Gesellschaft (AraGes) and the European Society of Arachnology (ESA).<\/p>\n<p>Christopher H\u00f6rweg<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h4>Contacts<\/h4>\n<p><a class=\"spoiler_link_show\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"wpSpoilerToggle(document.getElementById('id410053443'), this, '', '')\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"spoiler_div\" id=\"id410053443\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<h4>Contact for Europe<\/h4>\n<p>Dr. Milan \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d<br \/>\nBiodiversity Lab, Crop Research Institute<br \/>\nDrnovsk\u00e1 507<br \/>\n161 06 Praha 6 \u2013 Ruzyn\u011b<br \/>\nCzech Republic<br \/>\nrezac(a)vurv.cz<\/p>\n<h4>Countries involved<\/h4>\n<p>Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland.<\/p>\n<h4>Supporting societies<\/h4>\n<p>ARABEL &#8211; Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/belgianspiders.be\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nARAGES &#8211; Arachnologische Gesellschaft &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arages.de\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nBAS &#8211; The British Arachnological Society &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.britishspiders.org.uk\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nCAS &#8211; \u010cesk\u00e1 arachnologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arachnology.cz\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nESA &#8211; European Society of Arachnology &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.european-arachnology.org\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nGIA &#8211; Grupo Ib\u00e9rico de Aracnolog\u00eda GIA &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sea-entomologia.org\/gia\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nNATURDATA &#8211; Biodiversidade online &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/naturdata.com\/\">(link)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h4>Maps and\u00a0Photos<\/h4>\n<p><a class=\"spoiler_link_show\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"wpSpoilerToggle(document.getElementById('id668722737'), this, '', '')\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"spoiler_div\" id=\"id668722737\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<h4>Distribution<\/h4>\n<p>Europe &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/araneae.nmbe.ch\/data\/331\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nAustria &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arages.de\/fileadmin\/images\/SdJ\/Nesticus_cellulanus_Oesterreich.pdf\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nBenelux \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tuite.nl\/iwg\/Araneae\/SpiBenelux\/index.html\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nCzech Republic &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arachnology.cz\/druh\/nesticus-cellulanus-495.html\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nGermany &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/atlas.arages.de\/species\/58\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nItaly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.araneae.it\/species\/nesticus-cellulanus\/1719\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nSwitzerland &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lepus.infofauna.ch\/carto\/9077\">(link)<\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Photo galleries<\/h4>\n<p>Wiki of the Spinnen-Forum &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.arages.de\/index.php?title=Nesticus_cellulanus\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nWikimedia commons &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Nesticus_cellulanus\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nArachno\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arachno.piwigo.com\/index?\/category\/311-nesticus_cellulanus\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nspiderling.de &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/spiderling.de\/arages\/Fotogalerie\/Galerie_Nesticus.htm\">(link)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h4>Literature<\/h4>\n<p><a class=\"spoiler_link_show\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"wpSpoilerToggle(document.getElementById('id808073065'), this, '', '')\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"spoiler_div\" id=\"id808073065\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2022 Atlas der Spinnentiere Europas <em>(Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Amblypygi, Solifugae, Scorpiones, Schizomida)<\/em> f\u00fcr <em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/atlas.arages.de\/species\/58\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0(07.12.2023)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2023 Wiki des Spinnen-Forums \u2013 (<a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.arages.de\">link<\/a>) (07.12.2023)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Bellmann H 2016 Der Kosmos Spinnenf\u00fchrer. Frackh-Kosmos Stuttgart. 429 pp.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Blick T, Bosmans R, Buchar J, Gajdo\u0161 P, H\u00e4nggi A, Helsdingen P van, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka V, Star\u0119ga W &amp; Thaler K 2004 Checkliste der Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. (Arachnida: Araneae). Version 1. Dezember 2004<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Breitling R, Merches E, Muster C, Duske K, Grabolle A, Hohner M, Komposch C, Lemke M, Sch\u00e4fer M &amp; Blick T 2020 Liste der Popul\u00e4rnamen der Spinnen Deutschlands (Araneae) \u2013<\/p>\n<p>Arachnologische Mitteilungen 59:38-60. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30963\/aramit5907\">10.30963\/aramit5907<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; B\u00fcrgis H 1989 Bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde vom Heidenberg bei Lautertal-Raidelbach (nordwestlicher Odenwald). 4. Die H\u00f6hlenspinne Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck 1757) (Araneae: Nesticidae) \u2013 Hessische Faunistische Briefe 9:56-63<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; CSCF (Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune) 2019 Fauna der Schweiz \u2013 Spinnentiere oder Arachniden (Skorpione, Pseudoskorpione, Spinnen, Weberknechte, Milben) \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.infofauna.ch\/de\/fauna-der-schweiz\/andere-wirbellose\/spinnentiere#gsc.tab=0\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0bzw. Verbreitungskarte f\u00fcr\u00a0<em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lepus.infofauna.ch\/carto\/9077\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0(07.12.2023)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e4nggi A, St\u00f6ckli E &amp; Nentwig W 1995 Lebensr\u00e4ume mitteleurop\u00e4ischer Spinnen. Charakterisierung der Lebensr\u00e4ume der h\u00e4ufigsten Spinnenarten Mitteleuropas und der mit diesen vergesellschafteten Arten \u2013 Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4: 1-459<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Helsdingen PJ van 2022 Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea version 2017.06 \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/fauna-eu.org\/\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0(06.12.2022)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; J\u00e4ger P 1998 Weitere Funde von <em>Nesticus eremita<\/em> (Araneae: Nesticidae) in S\u00fcddeutschland mit Angaben zur Taxonomie im Vergleich zu <em>N. cellulanus<\/em>. \u2013 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 15:13-20. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5431\/aramit1503\">10.5431\/aramit1503<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Kirchner W &amp; Kullmann E 1972 \u00d6kologische Untersuchungen an einer Freilandpopulation von <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> im Siebengebirge unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung der K\u00e4lteresistenz (Araneae, Nesticidae) \u2013 Dechenia 125(1\/2):219-227<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Komposch C 2023 Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneae) \u2013 In: Komposch C (Hrsg): Rote Liste gef\u00e4hrdeter Tiere K\u00e4rntens. \u2013 Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins f\u00fcr K\u00e4rnten, Klagenfurt am W\u00f6rthersee, pp. 481-568<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nentwig W, Ansorg J, Bolzern A, Frick H, Ganske A-S, H\u00e4nggi A, Kropf C &amp; St\u00e4ubli A 2022 Spinnen \u2013 Alles, was man wissen muss. Springer Berlin. 265 pp.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nentwig W, Blick T, Bosmans R, Gloor D, H\u00e4nggi A &amp; Kropf C 2022 araneae \u2013 Spiders of Europe, version 12.2023 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.araneae.nmbe.ch\/\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0(07.12.2023). doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24436\/1\">10.24436\/1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Reichholf JH &amp; Steinbach G 1997 Die grosse Enzyklop\u00e4die der Insekten, Spinnen- und Krebstiere, Band 1. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag G\u00fctersloh. 360 pp.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Rote Liste Zentrum 2023 Artensteckbrief Gefleckte H\u00f6hlenspinne in Rote-Liste-Zentrum. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rote-liste-zentrum.de\/de\/Detailseite.html?species_uuid=2936dc4e-bc6a-49b9-904f-70c2c27b6630\">(link)<\/a> (07.12.2023)<\/p>\n<p>Verband der deutschen H\u00f6hlen- und Karstforscher e.V. 2023 Gefleckte H\u00f6hlenspinne \u2013 H\u00f6hlentier des Jahres 2024 \u2013 (<a href=\"https:\/\/hoehlentier.de\/gefleckte-hoehlenspinne\/\">link<\/a>) (07.12.2023)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; World Spider Catalog 2023 World Spider Catalog, version 24.5. Natural History Museum Bern \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wsc.nmbe.ch\/\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0(07.12.2023)<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h4>Information in other languages<\/h4>\n<div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\">\n<div class=\"su-tabs su-tabs-style-default su-tabs-mobile-stack\" data-active=\"1\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-tabs-nav\"><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">--<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">AL<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">BG<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">DE<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">FI<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">PL<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">SI<\/span><\/div><div class=\"su-tabs-panes\"><div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"--\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"> <\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"AL\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Merimanga e Vitit 2024<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMerimanga e bodrumeve me k\u00ebmb\u00eb si kreh\u00ebr\r\n\r\n<strong>Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757)<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Informacion<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMerimanga e bodrumeve me k\u00ebmb\u00eb si kreh\u00ebr, <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757), i p\u00ebrket familjes Nesticidae. Kjo familje merimangash p\u00ebrfshin 291 lloje n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, nga t\u00eb cilat 58 jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Turqin\u00eb dhe Kaukazin). N\u00eb gjinin\u00eb <em>Nesticus<\/em> (merimangat e v\u00ebrteta t\u00eb shpellave) ekziston vet\u00ebm ky lloj n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore Shp\u00ebrndarja, habitati, statusi i rrezikimit. Merimanga e bodrumeve me k\u00ebmb\u00eb si kreh\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht dhe e zakonshme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn deri n\u00eb Turqi. N\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore, kjo specie \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht e kufizuar n\u00eb lart\u00ebsit\u00eb fushore-kodrinore (deri n\u00eb 800 m mbi nivelin e detit), por ka gjithashtu t\u00eb dh\u00ebna se ajo arrin pothuajse 1000 m mbi nivelin e detit. Nesticus cellulanus jeton kryesisht n\u00eb shpella dhe tunele minierash. N\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha Listat e Kuqe, lloji nuk konsiderohet i rrezikuar, por mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00ebn \"pothuajse i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar\", si p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb Karinthia t\u00eb Austris\u00eb.\r\n\r\n<strong>P\u00ebrshkrimi<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGjat\u00ebsia e trupit t\u00eb femr\u00ebs s\u00eb <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb 3.5\u20136 mm, nd\u00ebrsa meshkujt jan\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl (3\u20135 mm). Pjesa e p\u00ebrparme e trupit ka ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb verdh\u00eb dhe ka nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb. Sternumi (pjesa e poshtme e kraharorit) \u00ebsht\u00eb i verdh\u00eb i hapur me njolla t\u00eb zeza. Abdomeni \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb ngjyr\u00eb gri-t\u00eb verdh\u00eb-bardh\u00eb me njolla t\u00eb zeza, nd\u00ebrsa k\u00ebmb\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb verdha me unaza t\u00eb zeza.\r\n\r\n<strong>M\u00ebnyra e jetes\u00ebs<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSi\u00e7 sugjeron edhe emri i saj, kjo merimang\u00eb gjendet kryesisht n\u00eb shpella, tunele minierash, guva dhe bodrume. Prandaj, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e varur nga vendndodhjet me nj\u00eb mikroklim\u00eb t\u00eb fresk\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb lag\u00ebsht. K\u00ebto vende duhet gjithashtu t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtura nga ngrica dhe t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb luhatje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb temperatur\u00ebs. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, lloji mund t\u00eb gjendet her\u00eb pas here n\u00eb habitate t\u00eb hapura, n\u00eb sistemet e \u00e7arjeve t\u00eb shpateve, n\u00eb \u00e7arje t\u00eb err\u00ebta e t\u00eb lag\u00ebshta n\u00eb tok\u00eb, n\u00ebn myshqe, n\u00eb pem\u00eb t\u00eb zgavruara ose n\u00eb puse. <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> zakonisht nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb rrjet\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb p\u00eblhure me vrima t\u00eb gjera n\u00eb zgavrat e mureve t\u00eb shpellave, nga e cila fijet kap\u00ebse varen posht\u00eb. Pjesa e poshtme e \u00e7do fijeje kap\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbuluar me nj\u00eb rresht pikash ngjit\u00ebse t\u00eb rregulluara mir\u00eb. Sapo preja ngat\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb pikat ngjit\u00ebse, merimanga hedh fije t\u00eb tjera kap\u00ebse mbi t\u00eb, e vret pren\u00eb me disa kafshime helmuese dhe m\u00eb pas e t\u00ebrheq lart n\u00eb rrjet\u00eb. Preja tipike jan\u00eb kafsh\u00ebt q\u00eb ecin n\u00eb tok\u00eb ose n\u00eb mure, si mushkonjat ose insekte t\u00eb tjera. Sjellja e \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit ka gjithashtu disa ve\u00e7ori: \u00e7ift\u00ebzimi paraprihet nga nj\u00eb proces njohjeje, ku mashkulli dridh nj\u00ebr\u00ebn nga fijet e rrjet\u00ebs s\u00eb femr\u00ebs. Pas nj\u00eb kopulimi t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr q\u00eb zgjat vet\u00ebm pak minuta, femra ndihmon mashkullin t\u00eb vendos\u00eb pedipalpin. Kokoni sferik i vez\u00ebve me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb kuq\u00ebrremt\u00eb-verdh\u00eb mbahet nga femra n\u00eb organet e tjerrjes (spineretat) derisa t\u00eb vegjlit t\u00eb \u00e7elin, dhe vet\u00ebm m\u00eb von\u00eb ngjitet n\u00eb rrjet\u00eb. Pjekuria dhe periudha e riprodhimit zgjasin gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fazat e rritjes mund t\u00eb hasen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, megjith\u00ebse me nj\u00eb grumbullim t\u00eb t\u00eb rriturve gjat\u00eb muajve t\u00eb ver\u00ebs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Lloje t\u00eb ngjashme<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKjo merimang\u00eb mund t\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrohet me merimang\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rrall\u00eb t\u00eb shpellave (<em>Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em>), e cila ka ngjyr\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebt. Shiriti qendror i zi n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e p\u00ebrparme t\u00eb trupit te Nesticus cellulanus shtrihet nga p\u00ebrpara mbrapa, nd\u00ebrsa te <em>Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em> ai ngushtohet nga mesi ose nuk ekziston fare. Nj\u00eb dallim i sigurt mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm duke ekzaminuar gjenitalet ose p\u00ebrmes barcoding-ut t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb.\r\n\r\n<strong>Pse <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> \u0451sht\u0451 zgjedhur si Merimanga Evropiane e Vitit?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nP\u00ebrzgjedhja erdhi pas nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkese nga Shoqata e Studiuesve Gjerman\u00eb t\u00eb Shpellave dhe Karstit, e cila ka p\u00ebrzgjedhur nj\u00eb \"Kafsh\u00eb Shpelle t\u00eb Vitit\" q\u00eb nga viti 2009. An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj pat\u00ebn iden\u00eb \u2013 ngjash\u00ebm me vitin 2012, kur u p\u00ebrzgjodh merimanga e shpell\u00ebs Meta menardi \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u00eb kombinuar kafsh\u00ebn e shpell\u00ebs dhe merimang\u00ebn e vitit. Ky propozim u mb\u00ebshtet nga juria me 84 araknolog\u00eb nga 27 shtete evropiane. Kjo duhet kuptuar gjithashtu si nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb e qart\u00eb se ka ende nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr veprim, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb studimin e ekosistemeve n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore dhe llojeve q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb to, dhe t\u00eb zgjerimit t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit midis speolog\u00ebve dhe araknolog\u00ebve. P\u00ebrzgjedhja e Merimang\u00ebs s\u00eb Vitit synon jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb drit\u00eb nj\u00eb grup kafsh\u00ebsh \"m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohura\" dhe t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen ndaj habitateve t\u00eb rrezikuara \u2013 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast shpellat si habitate t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta q\u00eb meritojn\u00eb mbrojtje \u2013 por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt shpresojn\u00eb t\u00eb marrin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e saj aktuale. Prandaj, jini t\u00eb v\u00ebmendshem her\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb vizitoni nj\u00eb shpell\u00eb dhe ndihmoni n\u00eb dokumentimin e k\u00ebtij lloji me zbulimin ose foton tuaj. Merimanga e Vitit \u00ebsht\u00eb koordinuar nga Muzeu i Historis\u00eb s\u00eb Natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Shoqat\u00ebn Araknologjike (AraGes) dhe Shoqat\u00ebn Evropiane t\u00eb Araknologjis\u00eb (ESA). Christoph H\u00f6rweg &amp; Norbert Milasowszky.\r\n\r\n<strong>Kontakt n\u0451 Shqip\u0451ri:<\/strong>\r\nProf. Assoc. Dr. Blerina Vrenozi, Muzeu i Shkencave t\u0451 Natyr\u0451s, Rr. Petro Nini Luarasi, Nd. 76-1, No. 2, 1010 Tiran\u00eb, Shqip\u0451ri. E-mail: &#x62;&#x6c;&#x65;&#x72;&#105;&#110;&#97;&#46;v&#x72;&#x65;&#x6e;&#x6f;&#x7a;&#105;&#64;&#102;sh&#x6e;&#x2e;&#x65;&#x64;&#x75;&#46;&#97;&#108;<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"BG\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>\u041f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 <\/strong><strong>2024<\/strong><strong> \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a, <em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>(Clerck, 1757)\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a, <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Nesticidae. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 291 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442, \u00a058 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 (\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437). \u041e\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0434 <em>Nesticus <\/em>(\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438) \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>\u0445\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0412 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d. \u0412 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0445\u044a\u043b\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438 (\u0434\u043e 800\u043c \u043d\u043c\u0432), \u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e 1000\u043c \u043d\u043c\u0432. <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> \u00a0\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0412\u0438\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0446\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u201c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u201c.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0414\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> \u0435 3.5\u20136 mm \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043c\u044a\u0436\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044a\u043a \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 3\u20135 mm. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e \u0436\u044a\u043b\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0436\u044a\u043b\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0432 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430. \u0410\u0431\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044a\u0442 \u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0436\u044a\u043b\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0432 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u044a\u043b\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0445\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442. \u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0432 \u0442\u044a\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u043a\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0443\u0444\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u044a\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0445\u0438 \u0434\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438.\r\n\r\n<em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442 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\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0447\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0445\u0430\u0436\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044a\u0436\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u044a\u0440\u043f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0418 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u0440\u044a\u0431, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u044a\u0436\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435.\r\n\r\n\u0421\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043e-\u0436\u044a\u043b\u0442 \u044f\u0439\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0443\u043b, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e 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\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440 \u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0446\u0438.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044a\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a (<em>Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em>), \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u044f\u0440\u044a\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0432\u044f\u0442. \u0422\u044a\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0432\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u00a0\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a. \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0414\u041d\u041a \u0431\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0433.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u0417\u0430\u0449\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430?<\/strong> \u0418\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 2009 \u0433. \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043c. \u041d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 2012 \u0433., \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a <em>Meta menardi<\/em> \u2013 \u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u201e\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435\u201c (84 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043e\u0442 27 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438). \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u044f\u0445, \u0438 \u0447\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0438 (\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438) \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438 (\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438) \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430.\r\n\r\n\u0418\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u201e\u043f\u043e-\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u201c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0418\u043c\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434: \u0434\u0440\u044a\u0436\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u044f \u043f\u044a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\/\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0430.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u0430\u044f\u043a\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441 \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (AraGes) \u0438 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0410\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (ESA).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0425\u044c\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0433\r\n\r\n\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0414\u0435\u043b\u0447\u0435\u0432<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"DE\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Spinne des Jahres 2024<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGefleckte H\u00f6hlenspinne, <em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>(Clerck, 1757)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Information<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie Gefleckte H\u00f6hlenspinne, <em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>(Clerck, 1757), geh\u00f6rt zur Familie der H\u00f6hlenspinnen (Nesticidae). Diese Spinnenfamilie z\u00e4hlt weltweit 291 Arten, von denen in Europa (inklusive der T\u00fcrkei und dem Kaukasus) 58 bekannt sind. In der Gattung <em>Nesticus <\/em>(Echte H\u00f6hlenspinnen) gibt es in Mitteleuropa nur diese eine Art.\r\n\r\n<strong>Verbreitung, Lebensraum und Gef\u00e4hrdung<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie Gefleckte H\u00f6hlenspinne ist \u00fcber ganz Europa bis in die T\u00fcrkei verbreitet und h\u00e4ufig. In Mitteleuropa bzw. \u00d6sterreich ist die Art vornehmlich an die planar-kolline H\u00f6henstufe (bis 800m Seeh\u00f6he) gebunden, es gibt aber auch Nachweise bis knapp 1000m Seeh\u00f6he.\u00a0 <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> lebt vor allem in H\u00f6hlen und Bergwerkstollen. In fast allen Roten Listen gilt die Art als nicht gef\u00e4hrdet, kann aber, so wie in K\u00e4rnten (\u00d6sterreich), durchaus schon auf der Vornwarnliste (\u201eNear threatened\u201c) stehen.\r\n\r\n<strong>Beschreibung<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie K\u00f6rperl\u00e4nge von <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> betr\u00e4gt bei Weibchen 3,5\u20136 mm, die M\u00e4nnchen sind mit 3\u20135 mm etwas kleiner. Der Vorderk\u00f6rper ist gelblich gef\u00e4rbt und besitzt eine schw\u00e4rzliche Zeichnung, die Brust ist hellgelb mit schwarzen Flecken. Der Hinterleib ist graugelbwei\u00dflich mit schw\u00e4rzlichen Flecken und die Beine sind gelblich und schwarz geringelt.\r\n\r\n<strong>Lebensweise<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie Gefleckte H\u00f6hlenspinne ist \u2013 wie der Name schon sagt \u2013 meist in H\u00f6hlen, Bergwerkstollen, Grotten und alten Kellergew\u00f6lben anzutreffen. Sie ist also auf Standorte mit einem k\u00fchlen und feuchten Mikroklima angewiesen, die zudem vor Frost gesch\u00fctzt sein m\u00fcssen und keine gro\u00dfen Temperaturschwankungen aufweisen d\u00fcrfen. Daher kann sie im Freiland gelegentlich auch im Spaltensystem von Ger\u00f6llhalden, in dunklen feuchten Erdspalten, unter Moospolstern, in hohlen B\u00e4umen oder in Brunnensch\u00e4chten zu finden sein.\r\n\r\n<em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> baut zumeist in Vertiefungen von H\u00f6hlenw\u00e4nden einen weitmaschigen Netzteppich, von dem aus Fangf\u00e4den nach unten f\u00fchren. Die Fangf\u00e4den sind im unteren Bereich mit einer sehr regelm\u00e4\u00dfig angeordneten Reihe von Klebetr\u00f6pfchen besetzt. Sobald sich ein Beutetier an den Klebetr\u00f6pfchen verfangen hat, wird es von der Spinne mit weiteren Fangf\u00e4den beworfen, dann mit mehreren Giftbissen get\u00f6tet und anschlie\u00dfend zum Netzteppich emporgezogen. Als Beute kommen am Boden bzw. an den W\u00e4nden laufende Tiere in Frage, wie z.B. Stechm\u00fccken oder andere Insekten.\r\n\r\nDas Paarungsverhalten weist ebenfalls einige Eigenheiten auf: der Begattung geht eine Werbung voraus, wobei das M\u00e4nnchen an einem Faden des weiblichen Netzes zupft. Und nach einer kurzen nur wenige Minuten dauernden Kopulation, bei der beide Partner r\u00fccklings im Netz h\u00e4ngen, gibt das Weibchen dem M\u00e4nnchen bei der Einf\u00fchrung der Taster Hilfestellung.\r\n\r\nDer kugelige r\u00f6tlichgelbe Eikokon, in den das Weibchen die Eier legt, wird von diesem bis zum Schl\u00fcpfen der Jungspinnen an ihren Spinnwarzen getragen und erst sp\u00e4ter im Netz befestigt.\r\n\r\nDie Reife- und Fortpflanzungszeit erstreckt sich kontinuierlich \u00fcber das ganze Jahr, so dass alle Stadien gleichzeitig angetroffen werden k\u00f6nnen, allerdings mit einer H\u00e4ufung der erwachsenen Tiere in den Sommermonaten.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00c4hnliche Arten<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie Gefleckte H\u00f6hlenspinne kann mit der bei uns allerdings deutlich selteneren Bleichen H\u00f6hlenspinne (<em>Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em>) verwechselt werden, die etwas heller gef\u00e4rbt ist. Der dunkle Mittelstreifen auf dem Vorderleib geht bei der Gefleckten H\u00f6hlenspinne von vorne nach hinten durch und wird bei der Bleichen H\u00f6hlenspinne ab der Mitte schmal oder ist gar nicht mehr vorhanden. Eine sichere Unterscheidung kann nur durch Untersuchung der Genitalien oder DNA-Barcoding erfolgen.\r\n\r\n<strong>Warum wurde die Gefleckte H\u00f6hlenspinne zur Europ\u00e4ischen Spinne des Jahres gew\u00e4hlt? <\/strong>\r\n\r\nDer Wahl ist eine Anfrage des Verbandes der deutschen H\u00f6hlen- und Karstforscher e.V., der seit 2009 ein H\u00f6hlentier des Jahres w\u00e4hlt, vorangegangen. Dessen Mitglieder hatten die Idee \u2013 \u00e4hnlich wie schon 2012, als die Gro\u00dfe H\u00f6hlenspinne <em>Meta menardi<\/em> ausgesucht wurde \u2013 das H\u00f6hlentier und die Spinne des Jahres zu kombinieren. Ein Vorschlag, dem sich die \u201eSpinnen-Jury\u201c (84 Arachnologen aus 27 europ\u00e4ischen L\u00e4ndern) angeschlossen hat. Dies ist auch als deutliches Zeichen daf\u00fcr zu verstehen, dass gerade bei der Erforschung der unterirdischen \u00d6kosysteme und der darin vorkommenden Arten noch ein enormer Handlungsbedarf besteht und die gute Zusammenarbeit zwischen den H\u00f6hlenforschern (Spel\u00e4ologen) und den Spinnenforschern (Arachnologen) weiter ausgebaut werden soll.\r\n\r\nMit der Wahl der Spinne des Jahres soll aber nicht nur eine \u201ewenig beliebte\u201c Tiergruppe ins rechte Licht ger\u00fcckt und auf bedrohte Lebensr\u00e4ume \u2013 in diesem Fall H\u00f6hlen als spezielle sch\u00fctzenswerte Lebensr\u00e4ume \u2013 hingewiesen werden, sondern gleichzeitig erhoffen sich die Wissenschaftler, Daten zur aktuellen Verbreitung zu bekommen. In diesem Sinne: halten Sie beim n\u00e4chsten Besuch einer H\u00f6hle die Augen offen und helfen Sie mit ihrer Fundmeldung\/ihrem Foto bei der Dokumentation dieser Art.\r\n\r\nDie Koordination zur Spinne des Jahres liegt beim Naturhistorischen Museum Wien, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft (AraGes) und der European Society of Arachnology (ESA).\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"FI\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki 2024<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLuolakki <em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>(Clerck, 1757)\r\n\r\nLuolakki (luolah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki), <em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>(Clerck, 1757), kuuluu luolah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkien heimoon (Nesticidae). T\u00e4ss\u00e4 h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkiheimossa on maailmanlaajuisesti 291 lajia, joista 58 tunnetaan Euroopasta (mukaanlukien Turkki ja Kaukasus). Suvusta<em> Nesticus<\/em> esiintyy Euroopassa vain t\u00e4m\u00e4 laji.\r\n\r\n<strong>Levinneisyys, elinpaikat ja uhanalaisuus<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLuolakki on laajalle levinnyt ja melko yleinen laji l\u00e4hes koko Euroopan alueella, Suomessa sit\u00e4 on tavattu maan etel\u00e4osissa Vaasa \u2013 Nurmes linjalle pohjoiseen ment\u00e4ess\u00e4. Keski-Euroopassa luolakki esiintyy yleens\u00e4 noin 800 m korkeuteen merenpinnasta. Siell\u00e4 <em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>el\u00e4\u00e4 etenkin luolisssa ja kaivostunneleissa; meill\u00e4 my\u00f6s kellareisssa ja kivir\u00f6ykki\u00f6iss\u00e4. Lajia ei ole arvioitu uhanalaiseksi Euroopan maiden Punaisissa kirjoissa, joillakin pienemmill\u00e4 alueilla se on kuitenkin katsottu silm\u00e4ll\u00e4 pidett\u00e4v\u00e4ksi.\r\n\r\n<strong>Kuvaus<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em>-lajin naaraiden ruumis on 3.5\u20136 mm pituinen, koiraat ovat hieman pienempi\u00e4, eli pituudeltaan 3-5 mm. V\u00e4rilt\u00e4\u00e4n kellert\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 eturuumiissa on tummaa kuvointia; sternum on vaaleankeltainen mustin pilkuin. Takaruumis on harmaan-kellan-valkea ja siin\u00e4 on mustia t\u00e4pli\u00e4, ja pitkiss\u00e4 kellert\u00e4viss\u00e4 raajoissa on mustat rengaskuviot.\r\n\r\n<strong>Elintavat<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKuten nimest\u00e4 voi p\u00e4\u00e4tell\u00e4, luolakki eli luolah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki el\u00e4\u00e4 etenkin luolissa, kaivostunneleiss\u00e4, rotkoissa ja vanhoissa kellareissa. Se vaatii siis elinpaikkoja, joissa on viile\u00e4 ja kostea mikroilmasto. Elinpaikkojen pit\u00e4\u00e4 suojata sit\u00e4 pakkaselta, eik\u00e4 niiss\u00e4 saa esiinty\u00e4 suuria l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilan vaihteluita. Siksi lajia voi l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s avoimista maanp\u00e4\u00e4llisist\u00e4 elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ist\u00e4 kuten kivikkorinteiden (rakkojen) koloista, pimeist\u00e4 maaper\u00e4n onkaloista, paksun sammalpeitteen alta ja ontoista puista.\r\n\r\n<em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>kutoo iso-silm\u00e4isen, ep\u00e4s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisen pyyntiverkkonsa sopivaan elinpaikkansa onkaloon; sen pyyntirihmat kulkevat alasp\u00e4in. Kunkin pyyntirihman alaosassa on s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llinen rivi liimapisaroita. Kun saalisel\u00e4in tarttuu n\u00e4ihin tahmeisiin pisaroihin, h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki ohjaa lis\u00e4\u00e4 pyyntisiimoja sen p\u00e4\u00e4lle, tappaa saaliinsa useilla myrkkypuremilla ja vet\u00e4\u00e4 sen yl\u00f6s verkkoonsa. Tyypillisesti saaliina on elinpaikan pohjalla tai seinill\u00e4 liikkuva el\u00e4in, kuten s\u00e4\u00e4ski tai muu hy\u00f6nteinen.\r\n\r\nLuolakin paritteluun liittyy sit\u00e4 edelt\u00e4v\u00e4 kosiskeluk\u00e4yt\u00f6s, jossa koiras v\u00e4risytt\u00e4\u00e4 pedipalpilla n\u00e4pp\u00e4illen naaraan verkon siimaa. Parittelu on nopea kest\u00e4en vain muutaman minuutin, molemmat riippuvat verkossa ja naaras k\u00e4\u00e4ntyy koirasta kohti helpottaen sen pedipalpin vienti\u00e4 epigyyniin. Naaras kuljettaa py\u00f6re\u00e4\u00e4 puna-keltaista munakoteloaan\u00a0 kehruunystyiss\u00e4\u00e4n kunnes nuoret h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kit kuoriutuvat. Vasta sitten munakotelo kiinnitet\u00e4\u00e4n verkkoon.\u00a0 Ainakin etel\u00e4mp\u00e4n\u00e4 Euroopassa kattaa aikuisuus- ja lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisaika koko vuoden, joten kaikkia ik\u00e4ryhmi\u00e4 voi tavata samaan aikaan. Kuitenkin aikuisten p\u00e4\u00e4esiintyminen ja parittelukausi on kes\u00e4kuukausina.\r\n\r\n<strong>Muita lajeja<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKeski-Euroopassa el\u00e4\u00e4 samann\u00e4k\u00f6inen,\u00a0 paljon harvinaisempi luolah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkilaji <em>Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em>, johon vuoden lajin voi sekoittaa. Lajien v\u00e4rikuvioinneissa on eroja, mutta varma m\u00e4\u00e4ritys vaatii genitaalien tutkimisen tai DNA-analyysin. Suomessa luolah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkien heimosta on luolakin lis\u00e4ksi tavattu vain kasvihuoneissa el\u00e4v\u00e4 ansariluolakki (<em>Nesticella mogera<\/em>).\r\n\r\n<strong>Miksi luolakki valittiin eurooppalaiseksi vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kiksi? <\/strong>Valinta perustuu Saksan luolatutkijoiden seuran (Verband der deutschen H\u00f6hlen- und Karstforscher e.V.) yhteydenottoon. Seura on valinnut vuoden luolael\u00e4imen vuodesta 2009 l\u00e4htien. Luolatutkijat ehdottivat yhteisen vuoden luola- ja h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkilajin valintaa; kuten tapahtui vuonna 2012, jolloin lajina oli luola-aukokki\u00a0 (luola-aukkoh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki) <em>Meta menardi<\/em>.\r\n\r\nEhdotuksen hyv\u00e4ksyi \u201ch\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki-jury\u201d, jossa oli 84 araknologia 27 Euroopan maasta. Valinta on my\u00f6s ymm\u00e4rrett\u00e4v\u00e4 selv\u00e4ksi merkiksi maanalaisten ekosysteemien ja niiss\u00e4 esiintyvien lajien tutkimukseen panostamisen tarpeesta.\u00a0 T\u00e4ss\u00e4 hyv\u00e4\u00e4 yhteisty\u00f6t\u00e4 luolatutkijoiden (speleologien) ja h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkitutkijoiden (araknologien) v\u00e4lill\u00e4 on syyt\u00e4 edelleenkin tehostaa.\r\n\r\nVuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin valinnalla tutkijat pyrkiv\u00e4t tuomaan esiin t\u00e4m\u00e4n \u201cv\u00e4hemm\u00e4n suositun\u201d el\u00e4inryhm\u00e4n merkitt\u00e4vyytt\u00e4 ja samalla painottaa uhanalaisten elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6jen \u2013 t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tapauksessa luolien \u2013 suojelun arvoa ja tarvetta. Tutkijat toivovat my\u00f6s saavansa uutta tietoa vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkilajin nykyisest\u00e4 esiintymisest\u00e4. Niinp\u00e4 pid\u00e4 silm\u00e4si avoinna ensi kerralla luolassa vieraillessasi ja auta meit\u00e4 dokumentoimalla, mielell\u00e4\u00e4n valokuvalla, vuoden lajin mahdollinen esiintyminen.\r\n\r\nLajin valinnan on koordinoinut Wienin Luonnonhistoriallinen museo yhdess\u00e4 saksankielisen h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkiseuran (Arachnologische Gesellschaft, AraGes) ja Euroopan h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkitutkijain seuran (European Society of Arachnology, ESA) sek\u00e4 edell\u00e4 mainitun luolatutkijoiden seuran kanssa.\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg &amp; Seppo Koponen<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"PL\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Paj\u0105k Roku 2024<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTkaniec, <em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>(Clerck, 1757)\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Informacje<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTkaniec <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757) nale\u017cy do rodziny Nesticidae. Na \u015bwiecie liczy ona 17 rodzaj\u00f3w i 291 gatunk\u00f3w. W Europie (wraz z Turcj\u0105 i Kaukazem) stwierdzono 58 gatunk\u00f3w. W Centralnej Europie, w tym w Polsce, wyst\u0119puje tylko rodzaj <em>Nesticus <\/em>i 1 gatunek - tegoroczny laureat.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Rozmieszczenie, \u015brodowisko \u017cycia i zagro\u017cenia<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> jest szeroko rozpowszechniony w Europie i Turcji. W centralnej cz\u0119\u015bci kontynentu wyst\u0119puje do wysoko\u015bci 800m n.p.m., cho\u0107 znane s\u0105 doniesienia z wysoko\u015bci 1000 m. Gatunek \u017cyje g\u0142\u00f3wnie z jaskiniach, tunelach i wyrobiskach g\u00f3rniczych. Nie jest uznawany za zagro\u017cony, ale wg klasyfikacji IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) mo\u017cna go zaliczy\u0107 do \u201enara\u017conych\u2019. Tak jest na przyk\u0142ad w austriackim regionie Carinthia.\r\n\r\nW Polsce stwierdzany m.in. w Ma\u0142opolsce, na \u015al\u0105sku i w G\u00f3rach \u015awi\u0119tokrzyskich.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Opis<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSamice mierz\u0105 3.5\u20136 mm d\u0142ugo\u015bci, samce 3\u20135 mm. Przednia cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 cia\u0142a (g\u0142owotu\u0142\u00f3w) jest \u017c\u00f3\u0142tawa z czarnym, dwukrotnie zw\u0119\u017caj\u0105cym si\u0119 wzorem po\u015brodku i ciemnym obrze\u017ceniem kraw\u0119dzi. Mostek jest jasno\u017c\u00f3\u0142ty z czarnymi plamkami, odw\u0142ok szaro-\u017c\u00f3\u0142to-bia\u0142awy z czarnymi plamkami, a nogi \u017c\u00f3\u0142tawe z czarnymi obw\u00f3dkami\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Miejsce i spos\u00f3b \u017cycia<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGatunek \u017cyje g\u0142\u00f3wnie w jaskiniach, tunelach, grotach, sztolniach, wyrobiskach g\u00f3rniczych, starych piwnicach, rzadziej w wilgotnych lasach. Preferuje ch\u0142odny i wilgotny mikroklimat. Nie znosi mrozu i du\u017cych waha\u0144 temperatur. Zdarza si\u0119, \u017ce w odpowiednich warunkach \u017cyje w szczelinach skalnych i ziemnych, pod mchem, w dziuplach i starych studniach.\r\n\r\n<em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> buduje p\u0142achtowat\u0105 sie\u0107 w otworach i szczelinach skalnych. Nici \u0142owne zwisaj\u0105 poni\u017cej, a ich dolna cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 pokryta jest regularnymi lepkimi kroplami. Na zapl\u0105tane ofiary paj\u0105k zarzuca dodatkowe nici, zabija kilkoma ugryzieniami i wci\u0105ga na g\u00f3r\u0119. Typowe ofiary to stawonogi chodz\u0105ce po ziemi lub po \u015bcianach. S\u0105 nimi g\u0142\u00f3wnie owady.\r\n\r\nZachowania rozrodcze cechuje kilka osobliwo\u015bci. Kopulacj\u0119 poprzedzaj\u0105 zaloty. W ich trakcie samiec uderza nogami w sie\u0107 samicy, rozpoznaje j\u0105 i \u0142agodzi agresywne zachowania. Kopulacja trwa kilka minut, w jej trakcie partnerzy wisz\u0105 na sieci, a samica pomaga samcowi wprowadzi\u0107 aparaty kopulacyjne w otwory p\u0142ytki p\u0142ciowej.\r\n\r\nJaja s\u0105 okr\u0105g\u0142e i otoczone czerwonawo-\u017c\u00f3\u0142tawym kokonem, kt\u00f3ry samica nosi przyczepione do k\u0105dzio\u0142k\u00f3w. Tu\u017c przed wykluciem zawiesza je na sieci.\r\n\r\nZ racji stabilnych warunk\u00f3w \u017cycia, okres dojrzewania i rozrodu rozci\u0105ga si\u0119 w czasie, wi\u0119c wszystkie stadia rozwojowe mo\u017cna spotka\u0107 jednocze\u015bnie przez ca\u0142y rok, cho\u0107 w lecie doros\u0142ych jest najwi\u0119cej.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Podobne gatunki<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Nesticus <\/em><em>cellulanus<\/em> mo\u017cna pomyli\u0107 ze znacznie rzadszym gatunkiem jaskiniowym - <em>Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em> z tej samej rodziny. Ten drugi jest jednak ja\u015bniej ubarwiony, a ciemny \u015brodkowy wz\u00f3r, kt\u00f3ry u <em>N<\/em>.<em> cellulanus<\/em> biegnie na ca\u0142ej d\u0142ugo\u015bci g\u0142owotu\u0142owia, u K. eremita zw\u0119\u017ca si\u0119 tu ty\u0142owi albo zanika. Zwa\u017cywszy na osobnicz\u0105 zmienno\u015b\u0107, rozpoznanie obu gatunk\u00f3w wymaga analizy genitali\u00f3w i\/lub DNA.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Dlaczego <\/strong><strong><em>Nesticus <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>cellulanus<\/em><\/strong> <strong>zosta\u0142 tegorocznym zwyci\u0119zc\u0105?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTegoroczny wyb\u00f3r jest efektem wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy arachnolog\u00f3w i Stowarzyszenia Niemieckich Speleolog\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy wytypowali kandydatur\u0119. Zosta\u0142a ona zatwierdzona przez \"Spider Jury\", sk\u0142adaj\u0105ce si\u0119 a 84 arachnolog\u00f3w z 27 europejskich kraj\u00f3w.\r\n\r\nWyb\u00f3r jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c wyrazem zainteresowania faun\u0105 jaski\u0144 i innych podziemnych ekosystem\u00f3w, a zw\u0142aszcza ich mniej znanymi zwierz\u0119tami. Ma te\u017c pom\u00f3c w ochronie rzadkich i zagro\u017conych gatunk\u00f3w i ich \u015brodowisk.\r\n\r\nWsp\u00f3\u0142praca ze speleologami daje nadzieje na uzyskanie kolejnych danych o biologii i rozmieszczeniu gatunku.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Koordynatorem projektu<\/strong> jest Natural History Museum Vienna, we wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy z Arachnological Society (AraGes) i European Society of Arachnology (ESA).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nT\u0142umaczenie na j\u0119zyk polski i redakcja tekstu: prof. dr hab. Marek \u017babka<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"SI\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Pajek leta 2024<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKletni pajek, <em>Nesticus cellulanus <\/em>(Clerck, 1757)\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Informacije<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKletni pajek <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757) spada v dru\u017eino Nesticidae. Ta dru\u017eina pajkov obsega 291 vrst po vsem svetu, od katerih jih 58 najdemo v Evropi (vklju\u010dno s Tur\u010dijo in Kavkazom). V srednji Evropi v rodu <em>Nesticus<\/em> (pravi jamski pajki) najdemo samo to vrsto.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Raz\u0161irjenost, \u017eivljenjski prostor in ogro\u017eenost<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKletni pajek je zelo raz\u0161irjen in pogost po vsej Evropi in v Tur\u010diji. V srednji Evropi je vrsta v glavnem omejena na nadmorsko vi\u0161ino do 800 m, obstajajo pa tudi podatki, da dose\u017ee tudi nadmorsko vi\u0161ino 1000 m. <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> \u017eivi predvsem v jamah in rudni\u0161kih rovih. Na skoraj vseh evropskih rde\u010dih seznamih vrsta ni ogro\u017eena, v\u010dasih pa je na seznamu \"skoraj ogro\u017eenih\", kot na primer na avstrijskem Koro\u0161kem.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Opis<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDol\u017eina telesa vrste <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> je pri samicah 3,5\u20136 mm, medtem ko so samci nekoliko manj\u0161i in merijo 3\u20135 mm. Sprednja polovica telesa je rumenkaste barve in ima \u010drnkasto liso. Sternum je svetlo rumen s \u010drnimi pikami. Trebuh je sivkasto-rumeno-belkast s \u010drnkastimi lisami, noge pa so rumenkaste s \u010drnimi obro\u010dki.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u017divljenjski slog<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKot pove \u017ee ime, se kletni pajek ve\u010dinoma nahaja v jamah, rudni\u0161kih rovih in starih kletnih obokih. Nahaja se torej na krajih s hladno in vla\u017eno mikroklimo, vendar morajo tudi ta mesta biti za\u0161\u010ditena pred zmrzaljo in brez velikih temperaturnih nihanj. Zato lahko vrsto ob\u010dasno najdemo v odprtih habitatih v sistemu razpok meli\u0161\u010d, v temnih, vla\u017enih razpokah v zemlji, pod blazinami mahu, v votlih drevesih, ali v ja\u0161kih vodnjakov.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVrsta <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> obi\u010dajno v votlinah jamskih sten gradi redko baldahinasto mre\u017eo, iz katere navzdol potekajo lovilne niti. Spodnji del vsake lovilne niti je prekrit s pravilno razporejenimi kapljicami lepila. Ko se plen zaplete v lepljive kapljice, pajek \u010deznjo vr\u017ee nadaljnje predivo, ubije plen z ve\u010d strupenimi ugrizi in ga nato potegne navzgor v mre\u017eo. Tipi\u010den plen so \u017eivali, ki hodijo po tleh ali po stenah, na primer komarji ali druge \u017eu\u017eelke. Tudi paritveno vedenje ima nekaj posebnosti: pred parjenjem poteka dvorjenje, pri \u010demer samec \u00bbbrenka\u00ab na nit sami\u010dine mre\u017ee. Po kratkem, le nekaj minutah trajajo\u010dem parjenju, v katerem partnerja v mre\u017ei visita obrnjena na hrbet, samica pomaga samcu vstaviti pedipalp.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSamica jajca odlo\u017ei v sferi\u010den, rde\u010dkasto rumen jaj\u010dni kokon, ki ga nosi na predilnih bradavicah, dokler se mladi pajki ne izle\u017eejo, \u0161ele nato ga pritrdi na mre\u017eo. Obdobje spolne zrelosti in razmno\u017eevanja se razteza neprekinjeno skozi leto, tako da lahko naletimo na vse stopnje rasti hkrati, \u010deprav je dele\u017e odraslih v poletnih mesecih vi\u0161ji.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Podobne vrste<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKletnega pajka lahko zamenjamo z veliko redkej\u0161im bledim jamskim pajkom (<em>Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em>), ki je nekoliko svetlej\u0161e barve. Temna sredinska proga na prednjem delu telesa kletnega pajka poteka po celotni dol\u017eini, pri bledem jamskem pajku pa se v drugi polovici o\u017ei ali je sploh ni ve\u010d. Zanesljivo vrsti razlikujemo le s pregledom genitalij ali z DNK \u010drtnimi kodami.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Zakaj je bil kletni pajek izbran za evropskega pajka leta?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIzvolitev je sledila poizvedbi nem\u0161kega zdru\u017eenja raziskovalcev jam in krasa, ki jamsko \u017eival leta izbira od leta 2009. Njegovi \u010dlani so imeli idejo \u2013 podobno kot leta 2012, ko je bil izbran jamski pajek <em>Meta menardi<\/em> \u2013 o zdru\u017eitvi jamske \u017eivali in pajka leta. Predlog je podprla \"komisija pajkov\" (84 arahnologov iz 27 evropskih dr\u017eav). To je treba razumeti tudi kot jasen znak, da \u0161e vedno obstaja velika potreba po ukrepanju, zlasti v preu\u010devanju podzemnih ekosistemov in vrst, ki se v njih pojavljajo, ter da je treba dobro sodelovanje med raziskovalci jam (speleologi) in raziskovalci pajkov (arahnologi) \u0161e raz\u0161iriti.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nIzbor pajka leta ni namenjen le predstavitvi \u00bbmanj popularne\u00ab skupine \u017eivali in opozarjanju na ogro\u017eene habitate \u2013 v tem primeru jame kot posebne, varovanja vredne habitate \u2013, ampak hkrati znanstveniki upajo, da bodo pridobili podatke o njegovi trenutni porazdelitvi. S tem v mislih: naslednji\u010d, ko obi\u0161\u010dete jamo, imejte odprte o\u010di in pomagajte dokumentirati to vrsto s svojim odkritjem in\/ali fotografijo.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nIzbor pajka leta koordinira Prirodoslovni muzej Dunaj, v sodelovanju z dru\u0161tvom Arachnologische Gesellschaft (AraGes) in Evropskim arahnolo\u0161kim dru\u0161tvom (ESA).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg, prevedel Matja\u017e Gregori\u010d<\/p> <\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><code><\/code><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spider of the year 2024<br \/>\n<strong>Comb-footed Cellar Spider<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The comb-footed cellar spider, <em>Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757), belongs to the family Nesticidae. This spider family comprises 291 species worldwide,<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ellipsis\">&hellip;<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?page_id=3528\">Read more &#8250;<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- end of .read-more --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":0,"parent":321,"menu_order":81,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3528","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/112"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3528"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3781,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3528\/revisions\/3781"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}