{"id":3759,"date":"2026-02-03T17:38:21","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T16:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?page_id=3759"},"modified":"2026-03-10T13:26:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T12:26:31","slug":"2026-mangora-acalypha","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?page_id=3759","title":{"rendered":"2026 Mangora acalypha"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Spider of the year 2026<\/h1>\n<h3><strong>Cricket-bat orb-weaver<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802)<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_3761\" style=\"width: 1814px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3761\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3761 ml-lightbox-enabled\" src=\"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Mangora_acalypha_01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1804\" height=\"1203\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3761\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mangora acalypha in web (photo: Eckhart Derschmidt, 28. 6. 2020).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The cricket-bat orb-weaver, <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802), belongs to the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae. This family is the third largest worldwide and comprises 198 genera with over 3,160 species. The genus <em>Mangora<\/em> includes 190 species, of which this is the only one that occurs in Europe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Distribution, habitat and endangerment<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The cricket-bat orb-weaver is distributed throughout the Palearctic region and occurs across Europe. Its preferred elevation is lowland to hilly (up to 800 m above sea level), with increasingly rare sightings up to 1,000 m in Germany and even 1,500 m in France. <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> can be found in many habitats, primarily sunny ones, such as dry grasslands, meadows, gardens, disturbed areas, and open woodlands. Due to its abundance and the widely available habitats, it is classified in the Red Lists as not threatened.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3764\" style=\"width: 1670px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3764\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3764 ml-lightbox-enabled\" src=\"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Mangora_acalypha_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1660\" height=\"1291\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3764\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mangora acalypha (photo: Wolfgang Kairat).<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"spoiler_link_show\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"wpSpoilerToggle(document.getElementById('id575051280'), this, '', '')\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"spoiler_div\" id=\"id575051280\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The body length of female <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> is 4.5\u20136 mm, while males are slightly smaller at 3\u20133.5 mm. Both sexes are similar in coloration and markings. The cephalothorax is uniformly light yellowish or greenish-brown with a black margin and a black median stripe; the abdomen is whitish-yellow. The markings on the upper side of the abdomen are characteristic: they consist of three dark stripes\u2014more precisely, three rows of black dots connected by longitudinal lines. Interpretations of these markings vary widely. In England they interpreted as having the shape of a cricket bat; hence the common name used here. Elsewhere, the pattern is considered either to be a series of simple stripes (German-speaking regions called it the \u201cStreifenkreuzspinne\u201d), or as resembling a small bottle (in France they refer to it as &#8220;mangore petite bouteille\u201d).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lifestyle<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> has a reproductive period from late spring to summer. Sexually mature spiders can be found from April to August. The female lays her eggs from about mid-May. The cocoon, made of white silk and 4\u20135 mm in diameter, encloses approximately 25 eggs. The spiderlings hatch in July and undergo their first moults; they overwinter in the soil in moss and leaf litter. In spring, the spiderlings moult further until they reach sexual maturity.<\/p>\n<p>The cricket-bat orb-weaver builds its webs both at the base of vegetation on low-growing plants in the herbaceous layer and on shrubs and bushes, usually in sunny, open habitats. The web, approximately 20\u201330 cm wide, is typically slanted with 40\u201360 spokes and a closed center (hub) made of very finely spun silk threads.<\/p>\n<p>The spider does not build a separate retreat and usually stays in the center of its web during the day. When disturbed, it drops to the ground on a silken thread or seeks shelter in the surrounding vegetation.<\/p>\n<p>Its diet consists primarily of small flying insects, such as mosquitoes and flies, that become trapped in the web.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Similar species<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are no similar species: the cricket-bat orb-weaver is easily recognizable by the unique markings on its abdomen.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why was the cricket-bat orb-weaver chosen as the European Spider of the Year?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The cricket-bat orb-weaver is common and widespread, and can therefore be found almost everywhere during walks and excursions in nature. And it&#8217;s easy to recognize: not only is the spider itself unmistakable due to its characteristic abdominal pattern, but its web, with its high number of spokes and fine mesh center, is also easily distinguishable from the webs of other orb-weaving spiders.<\/p>\n<p>The selection of the Spider of the Year is not only intended to bring a less popular group of animals into the spotlight, but scientists also hope to gather data on its current distribution. So, keep your eyes peeled on your next walk and help document this species by reporting your sightings or taking a photo.<\/p>\n<p>Coordination of the Spider of the Year is handled by the Natural History Museum Vienna, in cooperation with the Arachnologischen Gesellschaft (AraGes) and the European Society of Arachnology (ESA).<\/p>\n<p>Christoph H\u00f6rweg &amp; Norbert Milasowszky<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/arages.de\/arachnologie-vernetzt\/spinne-des-jahres\/2026-streifenkreuzspinne<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h4>Contacts<\/h4>\n<p><a class=\"spoiler_link_show\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"wpSpoilerToggle(document.getElementById('id1645092734'), this, '', '')\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"spoiler_div\" id=\"id1645092734\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Contact for Europe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dr. Milan \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d<br \/>\nBiodiversity Lab, Crop Research Institute<br \/>\nDrnovsk\u00e1 507<br \/>\n161 06 Praha 6 \u2013 Ruzyn\u011b<br \/>\nCzech Republic<br \/>\nrezac(a)vurv.cz<\/p>\n<p><strong>Countries involved<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Supporting societies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ARABEL &#8211; Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/belgianspiders.be\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nARAGES &#8211; Arachnologische Gesellschaft &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arages.de\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nBAS &#8211; The British Arachnological Society &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.britishspiders.org.uk\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nCAS &#8211; \u010cesk\u00e1 arachnologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.arachnology.cz\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nESA &#8211; European Society of Arachnology &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.european-arachnology.org\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nGIA &#8211; Grupo Ib\u00e9rico de Aracnolog\u00eda GIA &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sea-entomologia.org\/gia\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nNATURDATA &#8211; Biodiversidade online &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/naturdata.com\/\">(link)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Maps and\u00a0Photos<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Europe &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/araneae.nmbe.ch\/data\/15\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nAustria &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arages.de\/fileadmin\/Pdf\/mangora_acalypha_oesterreich.pdf\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nBenelux \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tuite.nl\/iwg\/Araneae\/SpiBenelux\/index.html\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nCzech Republic &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arachnology.cz\/druh\/mangora-acalypha-419.html\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nGermany &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/atlas.arages.de\/species\/711\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nItaly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.araneae.it\/species\/mangora-acalypha\/2324\/\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nSwitzerland &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lepus.infofauna.ch\/carto\/9115\">(link)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Photo galleries<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Wiki of the Spinnen-Forum &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.arages.de\/index.php?title=Mangora_acalypha\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nWikimedia commons &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Mangora_acalypha\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nArachno\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arachno.piwigo.com\/index?\/category\/107-mangora_acalypha\">(link)<\/a><br \/>\nspiderling.de &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/spiderling.de\/arages\/Fotogalerie\/Galerie_Mangora.htm\">(link)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h4>Literature<\/h4>\n<p><a class=\"spoiler_link_show\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\" onclick=\"wpSpoilerToggle(document.getElementById('id1923307798'), this, '', '')\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"spoiler_div\" id=\"id1923307798\" style=\"display:none\"><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2025 Atlas der Spinnentiere Europas <em>(Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Amblypygi, Solifugae, Scorpiones, Schizomida)<\/em> f\u00fcr <em>Mangora acalypha <\/em>\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/atlas.arages.de\/species\/711\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0(4.12.2025)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. 2025 Wiki des Spinnen-Forums \u2013 (<a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.arages.de\">link<\/a>) (4.12.2025)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Bellmann H 2016 Der Kosmos Spinnenf\u00fchrer. Frackh-Kosmos Stuttgart. 429 pp.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Blick T, Bosmans R, Buchar J, Gajdo\u0161 P, H\u00e4nggi A, Helsdingen P van, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka V, Star\u0119ga W &amp; Thaler K 2004 Checkliste der Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. (Arachnida: Araneae). Version 1. Dezember 2004<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Blick T, Finch O-D, Harms KH, Kiechle J, Kielhorn K-H, Kreuels M, Malten A, Martin D, Muster C, N\u00e4hrig D, Platen R, R\u00f6del I, Scheidler M, Staudt A, Stumpf H &amp; Tolke D 2016 Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneae) Deutschlands. \u2013 In: Gruttke H, Balzer S, Binot-Hafke M, Haupt H, Hofbauer N, Ludwig G, Matzke-Hajek G &amp; Ries M [Red.] Rote Liste gef\u00e4hrdeter Tiere, Pflanzen und Pilze Deutschlands, Band 4: Wirbellose Tiere (Teil 2). \u2013 M\u00fcnster (Landwirtschaftsverlag). \u2013 Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70(4):383-510<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Breitling R, Merches E, Muster C, Duske K, Grabolle A, Hohner M, Komposch C, Lemke M, Sch\u00e4fer M &amp; Blick T 2020 Liste der Popul\u00e4rnamen der Spinnen Deutschlands (Araneae) \u2013<\/p>\n<p>Arachnologische Mitteilungen 59:38-60. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30963\/aramit5907\">10.30963\/aramit5907<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; CSCF (Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune) 2019 Fauna der Schweiz \u2013 Spinnentiere oder Arachniden (Skorpione, Pseudoskorpione, Spinnen, Weberknechte, Milben) \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.infofauna.ch\/de\/fauna-der-schweiz\/andere-wirbellose\/spinnentiere#gsc.tab=0\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0bzw. Verbreitungskarte f\u00fcr\u00a0<em>Mangora acalypha<\/em>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lepus.infofauna.ch\/carto\/9115\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0(4.12.2025)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e4nggi A, St\u00f6ckli E &amp; Nentwig W 1995 Lebensr\u00e4ume mitteleurop\u00e4ischer Spinnen. Charakterisierung der Lebensr\u00e4ume der h\u00e4ufigsten Spinnenarten Mitteleuropas und der mit diesen vergesellschafteten Arten \u2013 Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4:1-459<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Jocqu\u00e9 R &amp; Dippenaar-Schoeman AS 2006 Spider families of the world. Mus\u00e9e Royal de l&#8217;Afrique Central Tervuren, 336 pp.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nentwig W, Blick T, Bosmans R, Gloor D, H\u00e4nggi A &amp; Kropf C 2025 araneae \u2013 Spiders of Europe, version 12.2025 \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.araneae.nmbe.ch\/\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0(04.12.2025). doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24436\/1\">10.24436\/1<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Reichholf JH &amp; Steinbach G 1997 Die grosse Enzyklop\u00e4die der Insekten, Spinnen- und Krebstiere, Band 1. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag G\u00fctersloh. 360 pp.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Thaler K &amp; Knoflach B 2003 Zur Faunistik der Spinnen (Araneae) von \u00d6sterreich: Orbiculariae p.p. (Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiosomatidae, Uloboridae). Linzer Biologische Beitr\u00e4ge 35\/1:613-655<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; World Spider Catalog 2025 World Spider Catalog, version 26. Natural History Museum Bern \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wsc.nmbe.ch\/\">(link)<\/a>\u00a0(4.12.2025) doi: 10.24436\/2<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h4>Information in other languages<\/h4>\n<div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\">\n<div class=\"su-tabs su-tabs-style-default su-tabs-mobile-stack\" data-active=\"1\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-tabs-nav\"><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">--<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">AL<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">DE<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">FI<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">RS<\/span><span class=\"\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"blank\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">SI<\/span><\/div><div class=\"su-tabs-panes\"><div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"--\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"> <\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"AL\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Merimanga e Vitit 2026<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMerimanga e kriketit me rrjet\u00eb t\u00eb rrumbullak\u00ebt\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802)\r\n\r\n<strong>Informacion<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMerimanga e kriketit me rrjet\u00eb t\u00eb rrumbullak\u00ebt, <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802), i p\u00ebrket familjes s\u00eb merimangave q\u00eb thurin rrjeta t\u00eb rrumbullak\u00ebta Araneidae. Kjo familje \u00ebsht\u00eb e treta m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebrfshin 198 gjini me mbi 3,160 lloje. Gjinia <em>Mangora<\/em> p\u00ebrfshin 190 lloje, prej t\u00eb cilave kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja q\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.\r\n\r\n<strong>Shp\u00ebrndarja, habitati, statusi i rrezikimit<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rajonin Palearktik dhe gjendet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn. Lart\u00ebsia e saj e preferuar varion nga zonat e ul\u00ebta deri n\u00eb ato kodrinore (deri n\u00eb 800 m mbi nivelin e detit), m\u00eb rrall\u00eb deri n\u00eb 1,000 m n\u00eb Gjermani dhe deri n\u00eb 1,500 m n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. Kjo merimang\u00eb mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb shum\u00eb habitate, kryesisht n\u00eb ato me diell, si kullota t\u00eb thata, livadhe, kopshte, zona t\u00eb papunuara dhe pyje t\u00eb hapura. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb boll\u00ebkut dhe habitateve t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb disponueshme, ajo klasifikohet n\u00eb Listat e Kuqe si jo e rrezikuar.\r\n\r\n<strong>P\u00ebrshkrimi<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGjat\u00ebsia e trupit t\u00eb femr\u00ebs <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb 4.5\u20136 mm, nd\u00ebrsa meshkujt jan\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, rreth 3\u20133.5 mm. T\u00eb dy gjinit\u00eb kan\u00eb ngjyrim dhe shenja t\u00eb ngjashme. Cefalotoraksi (pjesa e p\u00ebrparme) ka ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb verdh\u00eb t\u00eb hapur ose kafe-jeshile uniforme me nj\u00eb an\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb shirit qendror t\u00eb zi; abdomeni \u00ebsht\u00eb i bardh\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb verdh\u00eb. Shenjat n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e sip\u00ebrme t\u00eb abdomenit jan\u00eb karakteristike: ato p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga tre shira t\u00eb err\u00ebt\u2014m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht, tre rreshta pikash t\u00eb zeza t\u00eb lidhura me vija gjat\u00ebsore. Interpretimet e k\u00ebtyre shenjave ndryshojn\u00eb: n\u00eb Angli ato interpretohen si forma e nj\u00eb shkopi kriketi (cricket bat), prej nga vjen edhe emri i saj; n\u00eb Gjermani quhet \"merimanga e kryqit me shufra\", nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Franc\u00eb krahasohet me form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb shisheje t\u00eb vog\u00ebl.\r\n\r\n<strong>M\u00ebnyra e jetes\u00ebs<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> ka nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb riprodhimi nga fundi i pranver\u00ebs deri n\u00eb ver\u00eb, dhe individ\u00ebt e pjekur mund t\u00eb gjenden nga prilli deri n\u00eb gusht. Femra i l\u00ebshon vez\u00ebt nga mesi i majit n\u00eb nj\u00eb kokon prej m\u00ebndafshi t\u00eb bardh\u00eb me diamet\u00ebr 4\u20135 mm, q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban rreth 25 vez\u00eb. T\u00eb vegjlit \u00e7elin n\u00eb korrik, nd\u00ebrrojn\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebn dhe dim\u00ebrojn\u00eb n\u00eb tok\u00eb, mes myshkut dhe gjetheve t\u00eb r\u00ebna. Kjo merimang\u00eb nd\u00ebrton rrjetat e saj n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e bim\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ul\u00ebt ose n\u00eb shkurre, zakonisht n\u00eb habitate t\u00eb hapura dhe me diell. Rrjeta, rreth 20\u201330 cm e gjer\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb tipikisht e pjerr\u00ebt me 40\u201360 fije rrezore dhe nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb mbyllur t\u00eb thurur me fije shum\u00eb t\u00eb holla. Merimanga nuk nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb streh\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe zakonisht q\u00ebndron n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb rrjet\u00ebs gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs. N\u00ebse shqet\u00ebsohet, ajo l\u00ebshohet n\u00eb tok\u00eb me nj\u00eb fije m\u00ebndafshi. Dieta e saj p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet kryesisht nga insekte t\u00eb vogla fluturuese si mushkonjat dhe mizat.\r\n\r\n<strong>Lloje t\u00eb ngjashme<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNuk ka lloje t\u00eb ngjashme: merimanga e kriketit dallohet leht\u00ebsisht fal\u00eb shenjave unike n\u00eb abdomenin e saj.\r\n\r\n<strong>Pse <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> \u0451sht\u0451 zgjedhur si Merimanga Evropiane e Vitit?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nKjo merimang\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e zakonshme dhe e p\u00ebrhapur, duke u gjetur pothuajse kudo gjat\u00eb sh\u00ebtitjeve n\u00eb natyr\u00eb. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u njohur jo vet\u00ebm nga modeli karakteristik i abdomenit, por edhe nga rrjeta e saj me num\u00ebr t\u00eb lart\u00eb fijesh rrezore dhe qend\u00ebr t\u00eb thurur im\u00ebt, q\u00eb e dallon nga rrjetat e merimangave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj familjeje. P\u00ebrzgjedhja synon jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb vendos\u00eb n\u00eb drit\u00eb nj\u00eb grup kafsh\u00ebsh \"m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohura\", por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt shpresojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbledhin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e saj aktuale. Prandaj, me k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion n\u00eb mendje, n\u00eb sh\u00ebtitjen tuaj t\u00eb radh\u00ebs n\u00eb pyll ose mal dhe ndihmoni n\u00eb dokumentimin e k\u00ebtij lloji me raportimin ose foton tuaj. Merimanga e Vitit koordinohet nga Muzeu i Historis\u00eb Natyrore n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Shoqat\u00ebn Araknologjike (AraGes) dhe Shoqat\u00ebn Evropiane t\u00eb Araknologjis\u00eb (ESA).\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg &amp; Norbert Milasowszky.\r\n\r\n<strong>Kontakt n\u0451 Shqip\u0451ri:<\/strong>\r\nProf. Assoc. Dr. Blerina Vrenozi, Muzeu i Shkencave t\u0451 Natyr\u0451s, Rr. Petro Nini Luarasi, Nd. 76-1, No. 2, 1010 Tiran\u00eb, Shqip\u0451ri. E-mail: &#x62;&#x6c;&#x65;&#x72;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x61;&#x2e;&#118;&#114;&#101;&#110;&#111;&#122;&#105;&#64;fsh&#x6e;&#x2e;&#x65;&#x64;&#x75;&#x2e;&#x61;&#x6c;<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"DE\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Spinne des Jahres 2026<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha <\/em>(Walckenaer, 1802)\r\n\r\n<strong>Streifenkreuzspinne<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Information<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie Streifenkreuzspinne, <em>Mangora acalypha <\/em>(Walckenaer, 1802), geh\u00f6rt zur Familie der Radnetzspinnen (Araneidae). Diese Spinnenfamilie ist die drittgr\u00f6\u00dfte weltweit und besteht aus 198 Gattungen mit \u00fcber 3.160 Arten. Die Gattung <em>Mangora<\/em> umfasst 190 Arten, von denen in Europa aber nur diese eine Art vorkommt.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Verbreitung, Lebensraum und Gef\u00e4hrdung<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie Streifenkreuzspinne ist pal\u00e4arktisch verbreitet und kommt in ganz Europa vor. Die bevorzugte H\u00f6henstufe ist planar-kollin (bis 800m Seeh\u00f6he) mit immer selten werdenderen Funden bis zu 1000m Seeh\u00f6he in Deutschland bzw. sogar 1500m in Frankreich. <em>Mangora acalypha <\/em>bewohnt viele, vornehmlich sonnige, Lebensr\u00e4ume wie Trockenrasen, Wiesen, G\u00e4rten, Ruderalstandorte und lichte W\u00e4lder. Aufgrund ihrer H\u00e4ufigkeit und einer gro\u00dfen Habitatverf\u00fcgbarkeit wird sie in den Roten Listen als nicht gef\u00e4hrdet eingestuft.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Beschreibung<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie K\u00f6rperl\u00e4nge von <em>Mangora acalypha <\/em>betr\u00e4gt bei Weibchen 4,5\u20136 mm, die M\u00e4nnchen sind mit 3\u20133,5 mm etwas kleiner. Beide Geschlechter \u00e4hneln sich in F\u00e4rbung und Zeichnung. Der Vorderleib ist einfarbig hell gelblich oder gr\u00fcnlich braun und weist einen schwarzen Rand sowie einen schwarzen Mittelstreifen auf; der Grundton des Hinterleibs ist wei\u00dflich-gelb. Charakteristisch ist die Zeichnung auf der Oberseite des Hinterleibs: sie besteht aus drei dunklen Streifen \u2013 genauer gesagt sind es drei Reihen schwarzer Punkte, die durch L\u00e4ngsstriche verbunden sind. Die Interpretation dieses Zeichnungsmusters ist sehr unterschiedlich und reicht von einfachen Streifen (daher der Popul\u00e4rname im deutschsprachigen Raum) bis hin zur Form eines Cricketschl\u00e4gers (\u201ecricket-bat orb weaver\u201c in England) oder einer kleinen Flasche (\u201emangore petite bouteille\u201c in Frankreich).\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Lebensweise<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> hat eine Fortpflanzungsperiode vom sp\u00e4ten Fr\u00fchling bis zum Sommer. Geschlechtsreife Tiere sind von April bis August anzutreffen. Ab etwa Mitte Mai legt das Weibchen seine Eier ab. Der Kokon aus wei\u00dfer Seide mit einem Durchmesser von 4\u20135 mm umschlie\u00dft etwa 25 Eier. Die Jungspinnen schl\u00fcpfen noch im Juli und machen die ersten H\u00e4utungen durch; sie \u00fcberwintern im Boden in Moos und Streu und im Fr\u00fchjahr erfolgen weitere H\u00e4utungen der Jungspinne bis zur Reifeh\u00e4utung zum geschlechtsreifen Tier.\r\n\r\nDie Streifenkreuzspinne baut ihre Netze sowohl an der Basis der Vegetation auf niedrigen Pflanzen in der Krautschicht als auch auf Str\u00e4uchern und B\u00fcschen, meist in sonnigen offenen Habitaten. Das rund 20-30 cm breite Netz ist meist schr\u00e4g ausgerichtet mit 40\u201360 Speichen und einem geschlossenen Zentrum (Nabe, Netzmitte) aus sehr fein gesponnenen Seidenf\u00e4den.\r\n\r\nDie Streifenkreuzspinne baut keinen separaten Schlupfwinkel, und h\u00e4lt sich tags\u00fcber meist in der Mitte des Netzes auf. Bei St\u00f6rung l\u00e4sst sie sich entlang eines Spinnfadens zu Boden fallen oder sucht Schutz in der umgebenden Vegetation.\r\n\r\nIhre Nahrung besteht vorwiegend aus kleinen Fluginsekten, wie M\u00fccken und Fliegen, die sich im Netz verfangen.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00c4hnliche Arten<\/strong>\r\n\r\nEs gibt keine Verwechslungs-Arten: Die Streifenkreuzspinne ist leicht anhand der Zeichnung des Hinterleibs zu erkennen.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Warum wurde die Streifenkreuzspinne zur Europ\u00e4ischen Spinne des Jahres gew\u00e4hlt? <\/strong>\r\n\r\nDie Streifenkreuzspinne ist h\u00e4ufig und weit verbreitet und daher ist sie bei Spazierg\u00e4ngen und Streifz\u00fcgen in der Natur fast \u00fcberall anzutreffen. Und man kann sie leicht erkennen: Nicht nur die Spinne selbst ist aufgrund ihres charakteristischen Zeichnungsmusters auf dem Hinterleib unverwechselbar, auch ihr Netz ist mit seiner hohen Anzahl an Speichen und dem feinmaschigen Zentrum von den Netzen anderer Radnetzspinnen leicht zu unterscheiden.\r\n\r\nMit der Wahl der Spinne des Jahres soll aber nicht nur eine \u201ewenig beliebte\u201c Tiergruppe ins rechte Licht ger\u00fcckt werden, sondern gleichzeitig erhoffen sich die Wissenschaftler, Daten zur aktuellen Verbreitung zu bekommen. In diesem Sinne: halten Sie beim n\u00e4chsten Spaziergang die Augen offen und helfen Sie mit ihrer Fundmeldung\/ihrem Foto bei der Dokumentation dieser Art.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDie Koordination zur Spinne des Jahres liegt beim Naturhistorischen Museum Wien, in Zusammenarbeit mit der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft (AraGes) und der European Society of Arachnology (ESA).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg &amp; Norbert Milasowszky<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"FI\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki 2026<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Rukinlavakki <\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802)<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Johdanto<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802), rukinlavakki nykyiselt\u00e4 suomenkieliselt\u00e4 nimelt\u00e4\u00e4n, kuuluu ristih\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkien heimoon (Araneidae).\u00a0 T\u00e4m\u00e4 heimo on maailmanlaajuisesti kolmanneksi lajirikkain h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkiheimo k\u00e4sitt\u00e4en 108 sukua ja yli 3160 lajia. Suvussa <em>Mangora <\/em>on 190 lajia, joista vain nyt k\u00e4sitelt\u00e4v\u00e4 esiintyy Euroopassa.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Levinneisyys, elinpaikat ja suojeluaste<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha <\/em>on laajalle levinnyt palearktinen laji, ja se esiintyy l\u00e4hes koko Euroopassa pohjoisia alueita lukuun ottamatta. Meill\u00e4 lajia on tavattu vain parista paikasta lounaisimmasta Suomesta, todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti uutena tulokkaana. Keski-Euroopassa se suosii alankoalueita, mutta on havaittu Saksassa 1000 m ja Ranskassa jopa 1500 m korkeuteen merenpinnasta. Lajia voi l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 etel\u00e4isemm\u00e4ss\u00e4 Euroopassa monenlaisista elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ist\u00e4, erityisesti avoimista aurinkoisista paikoista, kuten niityilt\u00e4, puutarhoista, joutomailta ja avoimista metsist\u00e4. Yleisyytens\u00e4 ja sopivien elinpaikkojen runsauden vuoksi lajia ei ole siell\u00e4 miss\u00e4\u00e4n luokiteltu uhanalaiseksi. Meill\u00e4 t\u00e4m\u00e4 tulokaslaji on Punaisessa kirjassa ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 \u201carviointiin soveltumattomat\u201d (NA).\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Kuvaus<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNaaraan ruumiin pituus on 4.5 \u2013 6 mm, koiras on hieman pienempi, 3-3.5 mm mittainen. Molemmat sukupuolet ovat samanlaisia v\u00e4ritykselt\u00e4\u00e4n ja kuvioinniltaan. Eturuumis on yksiv\u00e4risen vaalean kellert\u00e4v\u00e4 tai vihert\u00e4v\u00e4n ruskea, ja siin\u00e4 on musta keskijuova ja mustat reunajuovat; takaruumis on kellanvalkea. Takaruumiin selk\u00e4puolen kuviointi on lajityypillinen ja helposti tunnistettava: se k\u00e4sitt\u00e4\u00e4 kolme tummaa juovaa \u2013 oikeastaan kolme rivi\u00e4 mustia t\u00e4pli\u00e4 yhdistettyn\u00e4 pituusjuovilla. Lajin kansankieliset nimet perustuvat usein t\u00e4m\u00e4n selk\u00e4kuvion tulkintoihin; niin englannin (krikettimaila) kuin suomen (rukinlapa) kieless\u00e4.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Elintavat<\/strong>Lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisaika on my\u00f6h\u00e4iskev\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4 kes\u00e4\u00e4n, ja aikuisia <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em>-yksil\u00f6it\u00e4 voi l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 Keski-Euroopassa huhtikuusta elokuuhun; siell\u00e4 naaras munii noin 25 munaansa valkeasta seitist\u00e4 kudottuun 4-5 mm haltaisijaltaan olevaan munakoteloon puolimaissa toukokuuta. Nuoret h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kit kuoriutuvat hein\u00e4kuussa, ja ne talvehtivat maanpinnan sammaleessa ja lehtikarikkeessa aikuistuen seuraavana kev\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4.\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> tekee verkkonsa matalien hein\u00e4- ja ruohokasvien tai varpujen ja pensaiden alaosiin, tavallisesti avoimilla ja aurinkoisilla paikoilla. Sen ratasverkko on noin 20-30 cm leve\u00e4 ja yleens\u00e4 vinottain sijoitettu, siin\u00e4 on 40-60 s\u00e4delankaa ja suljettu keskusta, joka on tehty eritt\u00e4in hienoksi kehr\u00e4tyist\u00e4 seittilangoista. Laji ei tee erillist\u00e4 suojapaikkaa itselleen ja pysyttelee p\u00e4iv\u00e4saikaan tavallisesti verkkonsa keskustassa. H\u00e4iritt\u00e4ess\u00e4 se pudottautuu alas seittins\u00e4 varassa tai etsii suojaa ymp\u00e4r\u00f6iv\u00e4st\u00e4 kasvillisuudesta. Ravinto koostuu p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa sen verkkoon lent\u00e4vist\u00e4 pienist\u00e4 hy\u00f6nteisist\u00e4, kuten s\u00e4\u00e4skist\u00e4 ja muista kaksisiipisist\u00e4.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Samanlaisia lajeja<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nKoska Euroopassa ei esiinny samanlaisia lajeja, on <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> helppo tunnistaa takaruumiinsa kuvioinnin perusteella.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Miksi <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> valittiin vuoden eurooppalaiseksi h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kiksi?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nVaikka laji on meill\u00e4 harvinainen, se on yleinen ja laajalle levinnyt etel\u00e4mp\u00e4n\u00e4 Euroopassa. Laji on helppo tunnistaa v\u00e4rikuviointinsa vuoksi ja my\u00f6s sen tyypillinen ratasverkkko on tunnistettavissa. Vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin valinnalla ei vain pyrit\u00e4 tuomaan esiin t\u00e4t\u00e4 \u201cv\u00e4hemm\u00e4n suosittua\u201d el\u00e4inryhm\u00e4\u00e4, vaan tutkijat toivovat saavansa lis\u00e4tietoa kyseisen lajin levinneisyydest\u00e4. Erityisen t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 t\u00e4m\u00e4 on meid\u00e4n kohdallamme, sill\u00e4 <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> esiintynee laajemminkin etel\u00e4isimm\u00e4ss\u00e4 Suomessa.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nVuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin valinnan on koordinoinut Wienin Luonnonhistoriallinen Museo yhdess\u00e4 saksankielisen h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkiseuran (Arachnologische Gesellschaft, AraGes) ja Euroopan h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkitutkijain seuran (European Society of Arachnology, ESA) kanssa.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg, Norbert Milasowszky &amp; Seppo Koponen<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"RS\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Pauk godine 2026<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802)\r\n\r\n<strong>prugasti krsta<\/strong><strong>\u0161<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Informacije<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPrugasti krsta\u0161, <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802), spada u porodicu krsta\u0161a (Araneidae). Ovo je tre\u0107a najve\u0107a porodica paukova na svetu i obuhvata 198 rodova sa vi\u0161e od 3160 vrsta. U rod <em>Mangora<\/em> spada 190 vrsta, a ova je jedina koja se nalazi u Evropi.\r\n\r\n<strong>Rasprostranjenost, stani\u0161te i za\u0161titni status<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPrugasti krsta\u0161 je rasprostranjen u celom Palearktiku i mo\u017ee se na\u0107i \u0161irom Evrope. Nizije mu odgovaraju vi\u0161e nego brdoviti predeli (do 800 m nadmorske visine), sa retkim nalazima do 1000 m u Nema\u010dkoj pa \u010dak i 1500 m u Francuskoj. <em>Mangora<\/em> <em>acalypha<\/em> se mo\u017ee na\u0107i na razli\u010ditim stani\u0161tima, pre svega sun\u010danim, kao \u0161to su suve livade, ba\u0161te, parkovi, \u017ebunje i \u0161ume. Zbog svoje brojnosti i \u0161irokog spektra pogodnih stani\u0161ta, <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> je na Crvenim listama klasifikovana u kategoriju vrsta koje nisu ugro\u017eene.\r\n\r\n<strong>Opis<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDu\u017eina tela \u017eenki <em>Mangora<\/em> <em>acalypha<\/em> je 4,5-6 mm, dok su mu\u017ejaci, du\u017eine 3-3,5 mm, ne\u0161to manji. Oba pola su sli\u010dna po obojenosti i oznakama po telu. Glavenogrudni region je svetlo-\u017eut ili zelenkasto-braon sa crnim rubom i crnom centralnom prugom. Abdomen je belo \u017eut sa karakteristi\u010dnim oznakama sa gornje strane: tri crne \u0161trafte ili ta\u010dnije, tri reda crnih ta\u010daka povezanih uzdu\u017enim linijama. Tuma\u010denja ovih oznaka su razli\u010dita \u0161to je dovelo do raznih imena u rali\u010ditim zemljama. U Engleskoj predstavljaju palicu za kriket (\"cricket-bat orb weaver\"), dok su u Francuskoj opisane kao mala boca (\"mangore petit bouteille\").\r\n\r\n<strong>Na\u010din \u017eivota <\/strong>\r\n\r\nPeriod parenja vrste <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> je od kasnog prole\u0107a do leta. Polno zrele jedinke mo\u017eemo na\u0107i od aprila do avgusta, dok \u017eenke pola\u017eu jaja od sredine maja. Kokon od bele svile, \u0161irok od 4-5 mm u pre\u010dniku, sadr\u017ei pribli\u017eno 25 jaja\u0161aca. Mladi paukovi se izle\u017eu i prvi put presvla\u010de u julu. Prezimljavaju u zemlji\u0161tu pod mahovinama ili \u0161umskoj stelji. U prole\u0107e, mladi nastavljaju da rastu i presvla\u010de do postizanja polne zrelosti. Prugasti krsta\u0161 plete svoju mre\u017eu na niskoj zeljastoj vegetaciji, \u017ebunju i \u0161iblju, obi\u010dno na sun\u010danim, otvorenim stani\u0161tima. Mre\u017ea, \u0161iroka pribli\u017eno 20-30 cm, je uglavnom nagnuta i pro\u017eeta sa 40-60 radijalnih niti \u010dije je sredi\u0161te ispleteno nitima veoma fine svile. Pauk ne gradi posebno skloni\u0161te i uglavnom stoji u centru mre\u017ee tokom dana. Kada je uznemiren, pauk tra\u017ei skrovi\u0161te u okolnoj vegetaciji ili ska\u010de na tlo pu\u0161ta\u0107i za sobom svilenu nit uz pomo\u0107 koje se kasnije vra\u0107a do svoje mre\u017ee. Hrani se uglavnom malim lete\u0107im insektima koji se uhvate u mre\u017eu, kao \u0161to su komarci ili muve.\r\n\r\n<strong>Srodne vrste <\/strong>\r\n\r\nU Evropi sli\u010dnih vrsta nema: prugastog krsta\u0161a lako prepoznajemo po jedinstvenim \u0161arama na trbuhu.\r\n\r\n<strong>Za\u0161to je ba\u0161 prugasti krsta\u0161 izabran za Evropskog pauka godine? <\/strong>\r\n\r\nPrugasti krsta\u0161 je \u010desta i \u0161iroko rasprostranjena vrsta, te se vrlo lako mo\u017ee na\u0107i u \u0161etnjama i izletima u prirodi. Veoma je laka za prepoznavanje: pauk sa svojim karakteristi\u010dnm \u0161arama na trbuhu i njegova gusta kru\u017ena mre\u017ea sa velikim brojem radijalnih niti i finim centrom. Izbor za Pauka godine ne slu\u017ei samo da baci svetlost na manje popularnu grupu \u017eivotinja, ve\u0107 i da nau\u010dnici prikupe podatke o trenutnoj rasportranjenosti vrste. Zato, dr\u017eite o\u010di \u0161irom otvorene na va\u0161oj narednoj \u0161etnji i pomozite dokumentovanju ovu vrste tako \u0161to \u0107ete prijaviti ili fotografisati va\u0161e zapa\u017eanje. Prirodnja\u010dki muzej u Be\u010du koordinira program Pauk godine uz saradnju sa nema\u010dkim Arahnolo\u0161kim dru\u0161tvom (AraGes) i Evropskim arahnolo\u0161kim dru\u0161tvom (ESA).\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg &amp; Norbert Milasowszky\r\n\r\nPrevod: Luka \u017darkovi\u0107<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<div class=\"su-tabs-pane su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\" data-title=\"SI\"> <div class=\"su-animate\" style=\"opacity:0;-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-delay:0s;animation-duration:1s;animation-delay:0s;\" data-animation=\"fadeInUp\" data-duration=\"1\" data-delay=\"0\"><p><strong>Pajek leta 2026<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<em>Mangora acalypha <\/em>(Walckenaer, 1802)\r\n\r\n<strong> Progasti kri\u017eevec<\/strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Informacije<\/strong>\r\n\r\nProgasti kri\u017eevec, <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802), spada v dru\u017eino pajkov kri\u017eevcev (Araneidae). Ta dru\u017eina pajkov je tretja najve\u010dja na svetu in obsega 198 rodov z ve\u010d kot 3160 vrstami. Rod <em>Mangora<\/em> vklju\u010duje 190 vrst, od katerih se le to najdemo v Evropi.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Raz\u0161irjenost, habitat in ogro\u017eenost<\/strong>\r\n\r\nProgasti kri\u017eevec je raz\u0161irjen po vsej palearkti\u010dni regiji in se pojavlja po vsej Evropi. Najbolj raz\u0161irjen je v ni\u017einah do 800 m nadmorske vi\u0161ine, redkeje, a vseeno, pa ga opazimo nad 1000 m in ponekod celo do 1500 m nadmorske vi\u0161ine. Vrsta <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> naseljuje \u0161tevilne, predvsem son\u010dne habitate, kot so travniki, vrtovi, grmovja v urbanih obmo\u010djih in odprti gozdovi. Zaradi svoje pogostosti in prisotnosti v raznolikih habitatih, je na seznamih ogro\u017eenih vrst ozna\u010dena kot neogro\u017eena vrsta.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Opis<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDol\u017eina telesa vrste <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> je pri samicah 4,5\u20136 mm, medtem ko so samci s 3\u20133,5 mm telesne dol\u017eine nekoliko manj\u0161i. Oba spola sta si podobna po obarvanosti in oznakah. Glavoprsje je enakomerno svetlo rumenkasto ali zelenkasto rjavo, s \u010drnim robom in \u010drno srednjo \u010drto. Zadek je v osnovi belkasto rumen, zna\u010dilen pa je vzorec na hrbtni strani, sestavljen iz treh temnih \u010drt \u2013 natan\u010dneje, gre za tri vrste \u010drnih pik, povezanih z vzdol\u017enimi \u010drtami. Ljudske interpretacije obarvanosti so zelo raznolike, od prepoznavanja preprostih \u010drt (od tod tudi ime v nekaterih jezikih, vklju\u010dno s sloven\u0161\u010dino), do asociacije na \u0161portno disciplino kriket (ime v Angliji je \"cricket-bat orb weaver\") ali majhne stekleni\u010dke (ime v Franciji je \"mangore petite bouteille\").\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>\u017divljenjski slog<\/strong>\r\n\r\nParitveno obdobje vrste <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> je od pozne pomladi do poletja. Spolno zrele pajke lahko najdemo od aprila do avgusta. Samica za\u010dne odlagati jaj\u010deca okoli sredine maja. Kokon, narejen iz bele svile in s premerom 4\u20135 mm, vsebuje pribli\u017eno 25 jaj\u010dec. Pajki se izle\u017eejo julija, prezimijo v tleh v mahu in listnem odpadu. Spomladi pajki \u0161e naprej rastejo, dokler ne dose\u017eejo spolne zrelosti. Progasti okrogli pajek gradi svoje mre\u017ee tako na dnu vegetacije na nizko rasto\u010dih rastlinah v zelnatem sloju kot na grmovju in grmovju, obi\u010dajno na son\u010dnih, odprtih habitatih. Mre\u017ea, \u0161iroka pribli\u017eno 20\u201330 cm, je obi\u010dajno po\u0161evna s 40\u201360 naperami in zaprtim sredi\u0161\u010dem (pesto) iz zelo fino predenih svilenih niti. Progasti kri\u017eevec ne gradi lo\u010denega zato\u010di\u0161\u010da in se obi\u010dajno \u010dez dan zadr\u017euje na sredini svoje mre\u017ee. Ob nevarnosti, se po svileni niti spusti na tla ali pa poi\u0161\u010de zavetje v bli\u017enjem rastlinju. Prehrana te vrste je sestavljena predvsem iz majhnih lete\u010dih \u017eu\u017eelk, kot so komarji in muhe, ki se ujamejo v mre\u017eo.\r\n\r\n<em>\u00a0<\/em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Podobne vrste<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTe vrste ne moremo zamenjati z drugimi\u00a0 vrstami: progastega kri\u017eevca, ki gradi kolesaste mre\u017ee, je enostavno prepoznati po oznakah na zadku.\r\n\r\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Zakaj smo progastega kri\u017eevca izbrali za evropskega pajka leta? <\/strong>\r\n\r\nProgasti pogosto je pogost in splo\u0161no raz\u0161irjen, zato ga lahko najdemo skoraj povsod med sprehodi in izleti v naravi. In enostavno ga je prepoznati: pajka je nemogo\u010de zamenjati ne le zaradi zna\u010dilnega vzorca na zadku, ampak tudi zaradi njegove majhne in zelo goste mre\u017ee, po \u010demer se razlikuje od ve\u010dine drugih pajkov mre\u017earjev.\r\n\r\nIzbor pajka leta ni namenjen le temu, da bi v sredi\u0161\u010de pozornosti postavili manj priljubljeno skupino \u017eivali, temve\u010d znanstveniki upajo tudi na zbiranje podatkov o njegovi trenutni raz\u0161irjenosti. Zato bodite na naslednjem sprehodu na to\u00a0 vrsto pozorni in pomagajte dokumentirati to vrsto s poro\u010danjem o svojih opa\u017eanjih ali fotografiranjem.\r\n\r\nPrirodoslovni muzej na Dunaju koordinira program Pajek leta v sodelovanju z nem\u0161kim Arahnolo\u0161kim dru\u0161tvom (AraGes) in Evropskim arahnolo\u0161kim dru\u0161tvom (ESA).\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nChristoph H\u00f6rweg &amp; Norbert Milasowszky\r\n\r\nPrevod: Matja\u017e Gregori\u010d<\/p> <\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><code><\/code><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spider of the year 2026<br \/>\n<strong>Cricket-bat orb-weaver<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The cricket-bat orb-weaver, <em>Mangora acalypha<\/em> (Walckenaer, 1802), belongs to the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae. This family is the third largest worldwide and comprises 198 genera with over 3,160 species.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ellipsis\">&hellip;<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?page_id=3759\">Read more &#8250;<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- end of .read-more --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":0,"parent":321,"menu_order":79,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3759","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/112"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3759"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3799,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3759\/revisions\/3799"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}