{"id":425,"date":"2015-08-14T11:28:00","date_gmt":"2015-08-14T09:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.european-arachnology.org\/wdp\/?page_id=425"},"modified":"2016-10-24T15:37:48","modified_gmt":"2016-10-24T13:37:48","slug":"spider-of-the-year-2006","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?page_id=425","title":{"rendered":"2006 Misumena vatia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spider of the Year 2006<\/h1>\n

The flower crab spider<\/h3>\n

Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)<\/h4>\n
\"Misumena

Misumena vatia<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Information<\/h4>\n

The first European Spider of the Year, chosen for 2006, is the flower crab spider \u2013 Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757). Like all crab spiders, Misumena<\/em> has crab-like legs rotated onto their sides, which give the family its name. The front legs are longer than the back legs. It differs from other European species by its ability to change colour from yellow to white.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\n

<\/p>\n

Biology and maturity time<\/h4>\n

The flower crab spider is, like other members of this family, a sit-and-wait predator. It mostly lurks among flower petals waiting for insects to fly by. With the small back legs the spider holds itself steady. The front legs, which are held outwards, are much more powerful, and grab an unsuspecting flower visitor with amazing speed, while at the same time a poisonous bite is administered. Prey is mostly eaten on the flower and is sucked dry through tiny holes, such that an almost complete exoskeleton is left over.<\/p>\n

Flower crab spiders are, thanks to their ability to change colour, wonderfully camouflaged on both white and yellow flowers. This active process can only be carried out by adult females and takes a couple of days to complete. Scientific studies suggest that this camouflage makes the spiders hard to see; both for their prey and for potential predators.<\/p>\n

Mature spiders can be found from May to July. The much smaller males mate with females in early summer, spending some time on the abdomen of the female and hanging from the underside of it during the mating process. The egg sac is typically hidden between leaves, woven together with silk. Juveniles over-winter in leaf litter and develop to adulthood in the following year.<\/p>\n

Habitat and distribution<\/h4>\n

Typical habitats are open spaces like meadows, moors and fields, but also sunny paths and forest margins, wasteland and gardens. In the UK the species seems to be occurring exclusively in the southern parts. Reports from all regions (with pictures) are very welcome (see the contact address below). In Europe Misumena<\/em> occurs from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean. It its also found in northern Asia and North America. The other 40 plus species of the genus Misumena<\/em> occur in the tro and subtropical regions.<\/p>\n

Characteristics and similar species<\/h4>\n

Only mature females show the strong yellow or white colour. Besides these two variants, all sorts of intermediate forms with green\u2013white tones can be found. Additionally, red stripes on the abdomen can occur. The cephalothorax has two dark stripes on the upper side. The much smaller male has a dark brown cephalothorax and dark forelegs, while the back part of the body is yellow with a dark patterning. There is one other species in Europe which can also actively change its colour: Thomisus onustus<\/em>. Here the range is larger and can go from white to yellow to violet. Furthermore, Thomisus<\/em> can be identified by two humps on the abdomen and slightly raised lateral eyes. Juvenile Misumena<\/em> have a greenish colour, since they tend to sit on green plant parts or leaves. Thus they can also be potentially confused with various green crab spider species such as Diaea dorsata, Diaea pictilis, Misumenops tricuspidatus, Heriaeus mellotei<\/em> and Heriaeus graminicola<\/em>. Thanks to its bright colour and its variability Misumena vatia<\/em> has been described under more than 20 different scientific names! Only modern taxonomy and the recognition of relevant characters for working out relationships revealed these synonyms.<\/p>\n

Derivation of name<\/h4>\n

Genus name: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (greek) \u2013 hated; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (greek) \u2013 to hate
\nSpecies name: vatius, -a, -um (Latin) \u2013 bent outwards (i.e. with bent legs)<\/p>\n

European Spider of the Year \u2013 ESY<\/h4>\n

Since 2000 a group of experts from Germany, Austria and Switzerland have chosen a spider species for a year to be the focus on interest. After the water spider (2001) came the wasp spider (2002), the nursery web spider (2003), the green huntsman spider (2004) and the zebra spider (2005). While the project began in the German-speaking countries, Belgian and Dutch colleagues joined in 2005. For 2006 a proper European project was organised for the first time. Thus Misumena<\/em> will represent spiders from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean and from Ireland to Hungary, and should show the fascinating side of these very useful animals.<\/p>\n

Peter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Jason Dunlop<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Contacts<\/h4>\n

<\/a>\n

<\/p>\n

Contact for Europe<\/h4>\n

Mr. Peter Smithers, 147 Molesworth Road, Stoke, PLYMOUTH, Devon. PL3 4AJ, E-Mail: P.Smithers(a)plymouth.ac.uk<\/p>\n

Countries involved<\/h4>\n

71 jury members from 21 countries:
\nAustria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain.<\/p>\n

Supporting societies<\/h4>\n

ARABEL – Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging (link)<\/a>
\nBioNetworX – M\u00fcnster (link)<\/a>
\nARAGES – Arachnologische Gesellschaft (link)<\/a>
\nESA – European Society of Arachnology (link)<\/a>
\nGIA – Grupo Ib\u00e9rico de Aracnolog\u00eda\u00a0(link)<\/a>
\nSPINED – European Invertebrate Survey-Nederland (link)<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Literature<\/h4>\n

<\/a>\n

<\/p>\n

– Bellmann, H. (2001): Kosmos-Atlas Spinnentiere Europas. \u2013 Franckh-Kosmos Verlags-GmbH & Co., Stuttgart. 304 S.<\/p>\n

– Brown, R.W. (1956): Composition of scientific words. \u2013 Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London. 882 S.<\/p>\n

– Chien, S. A. and D. H. Morse (1998): The roles of prey and flower quality in the choice of hunting sites by adult male crab spiders Misumena vatia<\/em> (Araneae, Thomisidae). \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 26: 238-243.<\/p>\n

– Chittka, L. (2001): Camouflage of predatory crab spiders on flowers and the colour perception of bees (Araneida: Thomisidae \/ Hymenoptera: Apidae). \u2013 Entomologia Generalis 25(3): 181-187.<\/p>\n

– Crome, W. (1957): Die Acroceride Oncodes fumatus<\/em> ERICHSON als Parasit der Krabbenspinne Misumena vatia<\/em> (CLERCK). \u2013 Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 4(1\/2): 26-29.<\/p>\n

– Foelix, R. (1992): Biologie der Spinnen. \u2013 Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart. 331 S.<\/p>\n

– Fritz, R. S. and D. H. Morse (1985): Reproductive success and foraging of the crab spider Misumena vatia<\/em>. \u2013 Oecologia (Berl.) 65: 194-200.<\/p>\n

– Hinton, H. E. (1976): Possible significance of the red patches of the female crab-spider, Misumena vatia<\/em>. \u2013 Journal of Zoology, London 180: 35-39.<\/p>\n

– Kevan, P. G. and C. F. Greco (2001): Contrasting patch choice behaviour by immature ambush predators, a spider Misumena vatia<\/em> and an insect Phymata americana<\/em>. \u2013 Ecological Entomol. 26(2): 148-153.<\/p>\n

– Kreuels, M. (1998): \u00dcbersicht der bisher in Europa an Spinnen (Araneae) beobachteten parasitierenden Fliegen (Diptera) (Beitr\u00e4ge zur Faunistik und \u00d6kologie der Arthropoden auf den Kalkmagerrasen des Diemeltals, Teil 7). \u2013 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 15: 7-12.<\/p>\n

– Lehtinen, P. T. Taxonomic notes on the Misumenini (Araneae: Thomisidae: Thomisinae), primarily from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. In Logunov, D. V. & D. Penney (eds.), European Arachnology 2003 (Proceedings of the 21st European Colloquium of Arachnology, St.-Petersburg, 4-9 August 2003). Arthropoda Selecta, Special Issue 1: 147-184.<\/p>\n

– Leighton, E. and D. H. Morse (2001): Female Misumena vatia<\/em> allocate greater initial resources to female offspring than to male offspring. \u2013 Newsletter of the American Arachnological Society 62: 7.<\/p>\n

– Lockley, T. C., O. P. Young, et al. (1989): Nocturnal predation by Misumena vatia<\/em> (Araneae, Thomisidae). \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 17: 249-251.<\/p>\n

– Loerbroks, A. (1984): Mechanik der Kopulationsorgane von Misumena vatia<\/em> (CLERCK, 1757) (Arachnida: Araneae: Thomisidae). \u2013 Verh. naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg (N.F.) 27: 383-403.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. and R. S. Fritz (1982): Experimental and observational studies of patch choice at different scales by the crab spider Misumena vatia<\/em>. \u2013 Ecology 63(1): 172-182.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1983): Foraging patterns and time budgets of the crab spiders Xysticus emertoni<\/em> Keyserling and Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck) (Araneae: Thomisidae) on flowers. \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 11: 87-94.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1985): Nests and nest-site selection of the crab spider Misumena vatia<\/em> (Araneae, Thomisidae) on milkweed. \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 13: 383-390.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1987): Attendance patterns, prey capture, changes in mass, and survival of crab spiders Misumena vatia<\/em> (Araneae, Thomisidae) guarding their nests. \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 15: 193-204.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1988): Interactions between the crab spider Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck) (Araneae) and its Ichneumonid egg predator Trychosis cyperia<\/em> Townes (Hymenoptera). \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 16: 132-135.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1988): Cues associated with patch-choice decisions by foraging crab spiders Misumena vatia<\/em>. \u2013 Behaviour 107(3-4): 297-313.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1989): Nest acceptance by the crab spider Misumena vatia<\/em> (Araneae, Thomisidae). \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 17: 49-57.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1989): Milkweed Pollinia<\/em> and predation risk to flower-visiting insects by the crab spider Misumena vatia<\/em>. \u2013 American Midland Naturalist 121(1): 188-193.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1990): Leaf choices of nest-building crab spiders (Misumena vatia<\/em>). \u2013 Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 27: 265-267.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1991): Homing by crab spiders Misumena vatia<\/em> (Araneae, Thomisidae) separated from their nests. \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 19: 111-114.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1994): Numbers of broods produced by the crab spider Misumena vatia<\/em> (Araneae, Thomisidae). \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 22: 195-199.<\/p>\n

– Morse, D. H. (1999): Location of successful strikes on prey by juvenile crab spiders Misumena vatia<\/em> (Araneae, Thomisidae). \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 27: 171-175.<\/p>\n

– Sullivan, H. L. and D. H. Morse (2004): The movement and activity patterns of similar-sized adult and juvenile crab spiders Misumena vatia<\/em> (Araneae, Thomisidae). \u2013 Journal of Arachnology 32(2): 276-283.<\/p>\n

– Thorell, T. (1869): On European spiders. P. I. Review of the European genera of spiders preceded by some observations on zoological nomenclature. \u2013 Ed. Berling, Upsala. 242 S.<\/p>\n

– Weigel, G. (1941): F\u00e4rbung und Farbwechsel der Krabbenspinne Misumena vatia<\/em> (L.). \u2013 Zeitschrift f\u00fcr vergleichende Physiologie 29: 194-248.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

Information in other languages<\/h4>\n
\n
--<\/span>BG<\/span>CZ<\/span>DE<\/span>DK<\/span>ES<\/span>FI<\/span>FR<\/span>IT<\/span>NL<\/span>NO<\/span>PG<\/span>PL<\/span>SE<\/span>SL<\/span><\/div>
<\/div><\/div>\n

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\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u044a\u043c\u043d\u043e-\u043a\u0430\u0444\u044f\u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0440\u044a\u0434 \u0438 \u0442\u044a\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0436\u044a\u043b\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u044a\u043c\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430. \u0418\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430: Thomisus onustus<\/i>. \u0422\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u044f\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0436\u044a\u043b\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e. \u041e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430, Thomisus<\/i> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0438. \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Misumena<\/i> \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u044a\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e Diaea dorsata<\/i>, Diaea pictilis<\/i>, Misumenops tricuspidatus<\/i>, Heriaeus mellotei<\/i> \u0438 Heriaeus graminicola<\/i>.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 Misumena vatia<\/i> \u0435 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 20 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430! \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e<\/strong>\r\n\r\n\u0420\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (\u0433\u0440\u044a\u0446\u043a\u0438) \u2013 \u043c\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (\u0433\u0440\u044a\u0446\u043a\u0438) \u2013 \u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044f\r\n\u0412\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435: vatius, -a, -um (\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438) \u2013 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 (\u0441 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430)\r\n\r\n\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u2013 \u0415\u041f\u0413<\/b>\r\n\r\n\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 2000 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a (2001) \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0445\u0430, \u0442\u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a (2002), \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a (2003), \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a (2004) \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043a (2005). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 2005. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437 2006 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438. Taka Misumena<\/i> \u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0421\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u0449\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels, \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0414\u0435\u043b\u0447\u0435\u0432<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Evropsk\u00fd pavouk roku 2006<\/h4>\r\nB\u011b\u017en\u00edk kopretinov\u00fd - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nV roce 2006 byl poprv\u00e9 volen pavouk roku. Stal se j\u00edm b\u011b\u017en\u00edk kopretinov\u00fd \u2013 Misumena vatia<\/i> (Clerck 1757). B\u011b\u017en\u00edci se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed nohama sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edma podobn\u011b jako u krab\u016f do stran. Proto jsou ve sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni jako \u201ckrab\u00ed pavouci\u201d. Jejich p\u0159edn\u00ed dva p\u00e1ry nohou jsou n\u00e1padn\u011b del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zadn\u00ed dva p\u00e1ry. B\u011b\u017en\u00edk kopretinov\u00fd je spole\u010dn\u011b s b\u011b\u017en\u00edkem kv\u011btomiln\u00fdm mezi evropsk\u00fdmi b\u011b\u017en\u00edky v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd schopnost\u00ed m\u011bnit barvu \u017elut\u00e9 po b\u00edlou.\r\n\r\nBiologie a obdob\u00ed dosp\u011blosti<\/b>\r\n\r\nB\u011b\u017en\u00edci si nestav\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b k lovu, ale na svoj\u00ed ko\u0159ist trp\u011bliv\u011b \u010d\u00edhaj\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco drobn\u00fdma zadn\u00edma nohama se pevn\u011b p\u0159idr\u017euj\u00ed podkladu, jejich siln\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00ed nohy jsou voln\u011b rozta\u017een\u00e9, p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 bleskurychle uchopit nicnetu\u0161\u00edc\u00edho hmyz\u00edho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka kv\u011btiny. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve stejn\u00fd okam\u017eik vprav\u00ed pavouk do sv\u00e9 ko\u0159isti kousnut\u00edm jed. P\u0159\u00edmo na kv\u011btu pavouk svou ko\u0159ist tak\u00e9 konzumuje. Do jej\u00edho t\u011bla vpust\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00ed enzymy a rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd obsah vysaje p\u0159es drobn\u00e9 otvory. Chitinov\u00e1 schr\u00e1nka uloven\u00e9ho hmyzu tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u0159ka neporu\u0161en\u00e1.\r\n\r\nD\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti m\u011bnit barvu se st\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00edk kopretinov\u00fd na b\u00edl\u00fdch a \u017elut\u00fdch kv\u011btech t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neviditeln\u00fd. Samotn\u00e9ho procesu p\u0159ebarvov\u00e1n\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00edho n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed jsou schopn\u00e9 pouze dosp\u011bl\u00e9 samice. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee kryc\u00ed zbarven\u00ed t\u011bchto pavouk\u016f zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee unikaj\u00ed pozornosti jak sv\u00e9 ko\u0159isti, tak potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch pred\u00e1tor\u016f.\r\n\r\nDosp\u011bl\u00ed jedinci se objevuj\u00ed od kv\u011btna do \u010dervence, kopulace prob\u00edh\u00e1 na za\u010d\u00e1tku l\u00e9ta. Same\u010dci jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samice, v obdob\u00ed kopulace se zdr\u017euj\u00ed na jej\u00edm zade\u010dku. Sami\u010dka vaj\u00ed\u010dka uzav\u0159e do pavu\u010dinov\u00e9ho obalu a tento kokon ukryje mezi listy. Ml\u00e1\u010fata p\u0159ezimuj\u00ed v listov\u00e9m opadu a n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok dos\u00e1hnou dosp\u011blosti.\r\n\r\nBiotop a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/b>\r\n\r\nTypick\u00e9 pro tento druh jsou otev\u0159en\u00e9 biotopy jako louky, slatiny, pole, oslun\u011bn\u00e9 lesn\u00ed okraje, lada a zahrady. V r\u00e1mci Evropy se b\u011b\u017en\u00edk kopretinov\u00fd vyskytuje od Skandin\u00e1vie po St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. D\u00e1le je zn\u00e1m ze severn\u00ed Asie a Severn\u00ed Ameriky. Ostatn\u00edch 40 druh\u016f rodu Misumena<\/i> se vyskytuje pouze v tropech a subtropech.\r\n\r\nCharakteristika a podobn\u00e9 druhy<\/b>\r\n\r\nSyt\u011b \u017elut\u011b nebo \u010dist\u011b b\u00edle jsou zbarveny pouze dosp\u011bl\u00e9 samice. Vedle toho lze nal\u00e9zt celou \u0161k\u00e1lu p\u0159echodn\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch variant s n\u00e1dechem do zelena. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci maj\u00ed nav\u00edc na zade\u010dku \u010derven\u00e9 pruhy. Na hlavohrudi jsou zvrchu dva tmav\u00e9 pruhy. Mnohem men\u0161\u00ed same\u010dek m\u00e1 tmavohn\u011bdou hlavohru\u010f a tmav\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00ed nohy, zat\u00edmco zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st jeho t\u011bla je \u017elut\u00e1, s tmavou kresbou. Schopnost\u00ed aktivn\u011b m\u011bnit svoj\u00ed barvu disponuje je\u0161t\u011b jeden druh b\u011b\u017en\u00edka vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice: b\u011b\u017en\u00edk kv\u011btomiln\u00fd Thomisus onustus<\/i>. Tento druh dok\u00e1\u017ee nab\u00fdvat nejen odst\u00ednu od b\u00edl\u00e9 po \u017elutou, ale i po fialovou. Tento druh se od b\u011b\u017en\u00edka kopretinov\u00e9ho d\u00e1le odli\u0161uje dv\u011bma r\u016f\u017eky na zade\u010dku a vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdma postran\u00edma o\u010dima. Ml\u00e1\u010fata b\u011b\u017en\u00edka kopretinov\u00e9ho b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zbarvena do zelena, nebo\u0165 maj\u00ed tendenci sed\u011bt na zelen\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech rostlin. Proto mohou b\u00fdt zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1na se zelen\u011b zbarven\u00fdmi b\u011b\u017en\u00edky jako Diaea dorsata<\/i>, Diaea pictilis<\/i>, Misumenops tricuspidatus<\/i>, Heriaeus mellotei <\/i>aHeriaeus graminicola<\/i>.\r\n\r\nD\u00edky n\u00e1padn\u00e9mu zbarven\u00ed a sv\u00e9 variabilit\u011b byl b\u011b\u017en\u00edk kopretinov\u00fd pops\u00e1n pod v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny. Pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee se ve skute\u010dnosti jedn\u00e1 ojedin\u00fd druh, p\u0159inesla a\u017e modern\u00ed taxonomie vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pro stanoven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00fdch vztah\u016f sp\u00ed\u0161e tvar kopula\u010dn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f ne\u017e zbarven\u00ed.\r\n\r\nP\u016fvod latinsk\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na<\/strong>\r\n\r\nRodov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (gr\u00e6sk) \u2013 nen\u00e1vid\u011bn\u00fd; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (gr\u00e6sk) \u2013 nen\u00e1vid\u011bt\r\nDruhov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no: vatius, -a, -um (latin) \u2013 odst\u00e1vat do stran (tzn. s odst\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edma nohama)\r\n\r\nEvropsk\u00fd pavouk roku \u2013 ESY<\/b>\r\n\r\nOd roku 2000 vyb\u00edrala skupina expert\u016f z N\u011bmecka, Rakouska a \u0160v\u00fdcarska pro ka\u017ed\u00fd rok druh pavouka, na kter\u00e9ho pak byla zam\u011b\u0159ena pozornost. Po vodouchovi st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u00e9m (2001) byl zvolen k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k pruhovan\u00fd (2002), lov\u010d\u00edk hajn\u00ed (2003), maloo\u010dka smaragdov\u00e1 (2004) a sk\u00e1kavka pruhovan\u00e1 (2005). V roce 2005 se k t\u00e9to iniciativ\u011b p\u016fvodn\u011b pouze n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00ed p\u0159idala Belgie a Nizozem\u00ed. V roce 2006 byl poprv\u00e9 zorganizov\u00e1n celoevropsk\u00fd projekt. B\u011b\u017en\u00edk kopretinov\u00fd reprezentuje pavou\u010d\u00ed faunu od Skandin\u00e1vie po St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed a od Irska po Ma\u010farsko. Projekt by m\u011bl p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bt nejen kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch ale tak\u00e9 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch pavouk\u016f.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Milan \u0158ez\u00e1\u010d<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Europ\u00e4ische Spinne des Jahres 2006<\/h4>\r\nDie Ver\u00e4nderliche Krabbenspinne - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nZur ersten Europ\u00e4ischen Spinne des Jahres wurde f\u00fcr das Jahr 2006 die Ver\u00e4nderliche Krabbenspinne \u2013 Misumena vatia<\/i>(Clerck 1757) \u2013 gew\u00e4hlt. Wie alle Krabbenspinnen ist auchMisumena<\/i> an ihren zur Seite gerichteten Beinen zu erkennen, die der Familie ihren Namen geben. Die Vorderbeine sind dabei l\u00e4nger als die Hinterbeine. Von den anderen Arten in Deutschland unterscheidet sie sich durch ihre F\u00e4higkeit, ihre K\u00f6rperfarbe zu wechseln. Dabei besitzt sie ein Farbsprektrum von gelb bis wei\u00df.\r\n\r\nBiologie und Reifezeit<\/b>\r\n\r\nDie Ver\u00e4nderliche Krabbenspinne ist wie andere Vertreter dieser Familie auch ein Ansitz- oder Lauerj\u00e4ger und lauert meist in Bl\u00fcten auf anfliegende Insekten. Mit den kleinen hinteren Beinpaaren halten sich die Spinnen am Untergrund fest. Die vorderen beiden Beinpaare sind st\u00e4rker ausgebildet, werden hoch gereckt und packen einen ahnungslosen Bl\u00fctenbesucher blitzschnell, w\u00e4hrend gleichzeitig Gift injiziert wird. Die Beute wird dann meist an wenigen Stellen eingespeichelt und durch kleine L\u00f6cher ausgesaugt, so dass eine beinahe intakte H\u00fclle zur\u00fcckbleibt.\r\n\r\nVer\u00e4nderliche Krabbenspinnen sind durch ihre Farbver\u00e4nderung auf gelben und wei\u00dfen Bl\u00fcten hervorragend getarnt. Dieser aktive Vorgang kann nur von erwachsenen Weibchen durchgef\u00fchrt werden und dauert einige Tage. Die Tiere scheinen wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zufolge f\u00fcr ihre Feinde und auch f\u00fcr potenzielle Beutetiere \u201aunsichtbar\u2019 zu sein.\r\n\r\nGeschlechtsreife Tiere k\u00f6nnen von Mai bis Juli beobachtet werden. Die deutlich kleineren M\u00e4nnchen paaren sich im Fr\u00fchsommer mit den Weibchen, wobei sie einige Zeit auf deren Hinterleib verweilen und sich zur Begattung auf die Bauchseite des Weibchens begeben. Der Kokon wird u.a. zwischen Bl\u00e4tter abgelegt, die mit Spinnf\u00e4den zusammengewoben werden. Jungtiere \u00fcberwintern in der Bodenstreu und pflanzen sich im darauf folgenden Jahr fort.\r\n\r\nVorkommen und Verbreitung<\/b>\r\n\r\nH\u00e4ufig bewohnt werden offene Lebensr\u00e4ume wie Wiesen, Moore und Felder, aber auch sonnenbeschienene Weg- und Waldr\u00e4nder, Ruderalfl\u00e4chen und G\u00e4rten. In Deutschland scheint die Art nach derzeitigen Kenntnisstand im Norden seltener zu sein als in s\u00fcdlichen Landesteilen. Nachweise aus allen Regionen sind (mit Bildnachweis) gerne willkommen (Kontakt siehe unten). In Europa kommt Misumena<\/em> von Skandinavien bis zum Mittelmeerraum vor. Zudem ist sie im n\u00f6rdlichen Asien und Nordamerika verbreitet.\r\n\r\nDie anderen \u00fcber 40 Arten der Gattung Misumena<\/i> sind in den Tropen und Subtropen verbreitet.\r\n\r\nMerkmale und \u00e4hnliche Arten<\/b>\r\n\r\nNur die ausgewachsenen Weibchen zeigen die kr\u00e4ftige Gelb- oder Wei\u00dff\u00e4rbung. Neben den beiden Varianten kommen alle Farb\u00fcberg\u00e4nge mit gr\u00fcnlich-wei\u00dfen T\u00f6nen vor. Zus\u00e4tzlich k\u00f6nnen rote Streifen am Hinterleib auftreten. Der Vorderleib tr\u00e4gt auf der Oberseite zwei dunklere Streifen. Das deutlich kleinere M\u00e4nnchen besitzt einen dunkelbraunen Vorderleib sowie dunkle Vorderbeine, die hintere H\u00e4lfte des K\u00f6rpers ist gelb mit dunklem Muster.\r\n\r\nEs gibt eine Art in Deutschland, die ebenfalls aktiv ihre Farbe wechseln kann: Thomisus onustus<\/i>, hier ist das Spektrum aber erweitert und zwar von von Wei\u00df \u00fcber Gelb nach Violett. Au\u00dferdem kann man Thomisus<\/i> an seinem zweizipfeligen Hinterleib sowie an den auf Ausw\u00fcchsen stehenden Seitenaugen erkennen. Dar\u00fcber hinaus kann es in Mitteleuropa zu Verwechselungen mit gr\u00fcngef\u00e4rbten Arten von Krabbenspinnen (Diaea dorsata, Diaea pictilis, Misumenops tricuspidatus, Heriaeus mellotei, Heriaeus graminicola<\/i>) geben, da Jungtiere von Misumena vatia<\/i> eine gr\u00fcnliche F\u00e4rbung zeigen, evtl. weil sie sich eher auf gr\u00fcnen Pflanzenteilen wie Bl\u00e4ttern aufhalten.\r\n\r\nWegen ihrer auff\u00e4lligen F\u00e4rbung und ihrer Variabilit\u00e4t wurde Misumena vatia<\/i> unter mehr als 20 verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Namen beschrieben. Erst die moderne Systematik und die Betrachtung verwandtschaftlich relevanter Merkmale konnten diese Synonymien aufdecken.\r\n\r\nEthymologie<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGattungsname: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (Griechisch) \u2013 verhasst; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (Griechisch) \u2013 hassen\r\nArtname: vatius, -a, -um (latein) \u2013 nach au\u00dfen gebogen (bogenbeinig), O-beinig, \u201eS\u00e4belbein\u201c\r\n\r\nEurop\u00e4ische Spinne des Jahres (European Spider of the Year \u2013 ESY)<\/b>\r\n\r\nSeit 2000 w\u00e4hlt ein deutschsprachiges Kuratorium aus Fachleuten aus der Schweiz, aus \u00d6sterreich und aus Deutschland eine Spinnenart aus, um sie f\u00fcr ein Jahr in den Fokus des Interesses zu stellen. Nach der Wasserspinne (2000), wurden die Wespenspinne (2001), die Listspinne (2002), die Gro\u00dfe Zitterspinne (2003), die Gr\u00fcne Huschspinne (2004) und die Zebraspringspinne (2005) ausgew\u00e4hlt. W\u00e4hrend das Projekt in den ersten Jahren ausschlie\u00dflich in den drei deutschsprachigen L\u00e4ndern durchgef\u00fchrt wurde, nahmen 2005 auf die Idee von belgischen Kollegen hin Belgien und die Niederlande teil. F\u00fcr 2006 wurde zum ersten Mal und wohl einmalig ein echtes europ\u00e4isches Projekt organisiert. So wirdMisumena<\/em> von Skandinavien bis zum Mittelmeer und von Irland bis nach Ungarn f\u00fcr die Gruppe der Spinnen werben und die interessanten Seiten dieser n\u00fctzlichen Tiere aufzeigen.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger & Martin Kreuels<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

\u00c5rets edderkop i Europa 2006<\/h4>\r\nKam\u00e6leonedderkoppen - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\n\u00c5rets Edderkop i Europa er for f\u00f8rste gang - for 2006 - blevet udpeget. Valget faldt p\u00e5 kam\u00e6leonedderkoppen Misumena vatia<\/i>, der tilh\u00f8rer familien af krabbeedderkopper.\r\nneurontin<\/a>\r\nLigesom krabberne har disse benene rettet ud til siden, forbenene er l\u00e6ngere og kraftigere end bagbenene, og de bev\u00e6ger sig ofte i sidel\u00e6ns gang. Kam\u00e6leonedderkoppen adskiller sig fra de fleste andre edderkopper ved at kunne skifte farve, fx fra gul til hvid. Allerede i bogen De Danske Edderkoppers Biologi fra 1928 skriver Emil Nielsen: \u201dMisumena vatia<\/i> er vistnok den besynderligste af Krabbeedderkopperne. Den ynder at holde til i Blomster, med hvis Farver den paa saare fuldkommen maade skal stemme overens: den er hvid naar den lever p\u00e5 hvide Blomster, gul, naar den lever p\u00e5 gule\u201d.\r\nklonopin<\/a>\r\nBiologi<\/b>\r\n\r\nKam\u00e6leonedderkoppen er som andre krabbe-edderkopper er et \u201dlurende\u201d rovdyr. Den s\u00e6tter sig i blomster af samme farve som den selv og lurer p\u00e5 de blomsterbest\u00f8vende insekter som m\u00e5tte sl\u00e5 sig ned i blomsten. De kraftige forben holdes ud til siden men kan gribe og fastholde byttet p\u00e5 br\u00f8kdelen af et sekund. Samtidig bides insektet med k\u00e6berne og giften spr\u00f8jtes ind. Edderkoppen bliver som regel i blomsten mens byttet spises. Det tygges ikke men udsuges gennem de sm\u00e5 huller edderkoppen har bidt i insektets hudskelet.\r\n\r\nTakket v\u00e6re dens evne til at skifte farve er kam\u00e6leonedderkoppen vel kamufleret b\u00e5de i gule og hvide blomster. Det er dog kun de voksne hunner som kan skifte farve og processen tager nogle dage. Unders\u00f8gelser har dokumenteret at kamuflagefarven g\u00f8r dyrene vanskelige at opdage, b\u00e5de for deres byttedyr og for mulige fjender.\r\nxanax<\/a>\r\nVoksne kam\u00e6leonedderkopper kan findes om for\u00e5ret, i m\u00e5nederne maj \u2013 juli. Hannerne er meget mindre end hunnerne. Op til parringen vogter han hunnen en tid ved at s\u00e6tte sig p\u00e5 hendes bagkrop, men under selve parringen h\u00e6nger han p\u00e5 undersiden af denne. \u00c6ggene l\u00e6gger hunnen i en \u00e6gs\u00e6k, omspundet af silke og ofte gemt i et sammenrullet blad. De sm\u00e5 unger kommer frem i l\u00f8bet af sommeren; de overvintrer som mellemstore unger og bliver voksne efterf\u00f8lgende for\u00e5r.\r\n\r\nForekomst og udbredelse<\/b>\r\n\r\nKam\u00e6leonedderkoppen forekommer i Danmark i \u00e5bne, fugtige habitater som moser og enge, evt. fugtige skovbryn og lysninger. I Europa kan den ogs\u00e5 findes i haver og p\u00e5 marker. Den forekommer formentlig over det meste af landet, men er endnu ikke registreret i Syd- og Vestjylland. Meddelelser om nye fund (med fotos) er meget velkomne (se kontaktadresse nedenfor). Den forekommer i det meste af Europa, i England dog kun i de sydlige egne men i Skandinavien helt op til Trondhjem. Den findes ogs\u00e5 i Asien og Nordamerika. I troperne og subtroperne findes over 40 andre arter af sl\u00e6gten\u00a0Misumena<\/i>.\r\n\r\nUdseende<\/b>\r\n\r\nDet er kun de voksne hunner af kam\u00e6leonedderkoppen som er rent gule eller hvide i farven. Andre farvevarianter findes dog ogs\u00e5, fx i gr\u00f8nlige toner. Nogle har r\u00f8de striber p\u00e5 bagkroppen. Forkroppen har p\u00e5 oversiden to m\u00f8rke striber. Den meget mindre han har m\u00f8rkebrun forkrop og m\u00f8rke forben, mens bagkroppen er gullig med en m\u00f8rkere tegning. Ungerne er hvidlig-gr\u00f8nne da de mest holder til p\u00e5 planternes blade.\r\n\r\nDer findes i Europa endnu en krabbeedderkop som kan skifte farve, nemlig Thomisus onustus<\/i>. Hos denne art er farvevariationen endnu st\u00f8rre: Den kan skifte fra hvid til gul til r\u00f8dlig violet. Thomisus<\/i> kan i \u00f8vrigt kendes p\u00e5 sine to pukler p\u00e5 bagkroppens forreste hj\u00f8rner, samt p\u00e5 at de ydre \u00f8jne er anbragt p\u00e5 forh\u00f8jninger. Den findes desv\u00e6rre ikke i Danmark.\r\n\r\nP\u00e5 grund af sin variable farve er kam\u00e6leonedderkoppen blevet beskrevet under mere end 20 forskellige videnskabelige (dvs. latinske) navne. Den nyere systematik, som l\u00e6gger hovedv\u00e6gten p\u00e5 dyrenes k\u00f8nsorganer, har afsl\u00f8ret disse som synonymer.\r\n\r\nBetydningen af det latinske navn<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSl\u00e6gtsnavn: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (gr\u00e6sk) \u2013 hadet; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (gr\u00e6sk) \u2013 at hade\r\nArtsnavn: vatius, -a, -um (latin) \u2013 b\u00f8jet udad (d.v.s med b\u00f8jede ben)\r\n\r\n\u00c5rets Edderkop i Europa<\/b>\r\n\r\nSiden 2000 har en gruppe edderkoppeeksperter fra Tyskland, \u00d8strig og Svejts udvalgt en \u00e5rets Edderkop for det tysksprogede omr\u00e5de. Vandedderkoppen blev det f\u00f8rste valg (2001), dern\u00e6st hvepseedderkoppen (2002), rovedderkoppen (2003), smaragdedderkoppen (2004) og zebraedderkoppen (2005). Belgien og Holland tilsluttede sig for 2005. I dette \u00e5r blev det med deltagelse af 21 lande til et europ\u00e6isk projekt med henblik p\u00e5 \u00e5rets Edderkop i Europa 2006. Kam\u00e6leonedderkoppen repr\u00e6senterer edderkopper fra Skandinavien til Middelhavet og fra Irland til Ungarn, og skal i 2006 s\u00e6tte fokus p\u00e5 de mange fascinerende sider af disse sp\u00e6ndende og nyttige dyrs liv.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & S\u00f8ren Toft\r\n\r\n <\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Ara\u00f1a Europea del a\u00f1o 2006<\/h4>\r\nLa ara\u00f1a cangrejo de las flores - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nLa primera Ara\u00f1a Europea del A\u00f1o, elegida para 2006, es la ara\u00f1a cangrejo de las flores Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757). Como todas las ara\u00f1as cangrejo, Misumena<\/em> posee unas patas rotadas y dirigidas lateralmente, de modo parecido a los cangrejos, de los cuales la familia toma su nombre com\u00fan. Los dos pares de patas anteriores son m\u00e1s largos que los dos pares de patas posteriores. Difiere de otras especies europeas por su capacidad de cambiar de color, entre el amarillo y el blanco.\r\nneurontin<\/a>\r\nBiolog\u00eda y ciclo vital<\/b>\r\n\r\nLa ara\u00f1a cangrejo de las flores es, como otros miembros de esta familia, un depredador al acecho. Se agazapa principalmente entre los p\u00e9talos de las flores y espera a que los insectos vuelen en sus proximidades. Con sus cortas patas posteriores la ara\u00f1a se agarra al sustrato. Las patas anteriores, que se mantienen en posici\u00f3n abierta, son mucho m\u00e1s potentes y agarran a los incautos visitantes florales con sorprendente velocidad, al tiempo que se propina un mordisco venenoso. Las presas son consumidas sobre la propia flor y el contenido de las mismas se succiona a trav\u00e9s de dos diminutos orificios, de modo que s\u00f3lo se deja un exoesqueleto seco casi intacto.\r\nxanax<\/a>\r\nGracias a su capacidad para cambiar de color, las ara\u00f1as cangrejo de las flores gozan de un extraordinario camuflaje sobre flores blancas o amarillas. S\u00f3lo las hembras adultas pueden llevar a cabo este proceso activo de camuflaje, que tarda un par de d\u00edas en completarse. Las investigaciones realizadas sugieren que dicho camuflaje convierte a las ara\u00f1as en dif\u00edciles de detectar tanto por sus presas como por sus depredadores potenciales.\r\n\r\nLas ara\u00f1as maduras aparecen de mayo a agosto. Los machos, de tama\u00f1o mucho menor, se aparean con las hembras a comienzos de verano y pasan un tiempo sobre el abdomen de la hembra, del cual cuelgan boca abajo durante el apareamiento. El saco de huevos se oculta entre las hojas, a las cuales se pega usando seda. Los juveniles pasan el invierno en la hojarasca del suelo y alcanzan la madurez al a\u00f1o siguiente.\r\n\r\nH\u00e1bitat y distribuci\u00f3n<\/b>\r\n\r\nSus h\u00e1bitats caracter\u00edsticos son los espacios abiertos, tales como prados, p\u00e1ramos y campos, pero tambi\u00e9n caminos soleados y linderos de bosques, descampados y jardines. En Espa\u00f1a se ha confirmado su presencia en Galicia, Asturias, Pa\u00eds Vasco, Zaragoza, Gerona, Le\u00f3n, Segovia, Madrid y Ciudad Real. Se agradecer\u00e1 el env\u00edo de citas de todas las provincias (acompa\u00f1adas de foto; v\u00e9ase la direcci\u00f3n de contacto al final de esta nota). En Europa Misumena<\/em> aparece desde Escandinavia hasta el Mediterr\u00e1neo. Tambi\u00e9n se encuentra en el norte de Asia y en Norteam\u00e9rica. La restante cuarentena de especies del g\u00e9nero Misumena<\/em> vive en regiones tropicales o subtropicales.\r\n\r\nCaracter\u00edsticas y especies similares<\/b>\r\n\r\nS\u00f3lo las hembras maduras muestran el color blanco o amarillo fuertes t\u00edpico de la especie. Aparte de estas dos variantes pueden encontarse todo tipo de formas intermedias con tonos blancoverdosos. Adem\u00e1s, pueden aparecer bandas rojas sobre el abdomen. El cefalot\u00f3rax tiene dos bandas oscuras en su parte superior. El macho, mucho menor, tiene un cefalot\u00f3rax pardo oscuro y patas anteriores oscuras, mientras que la parte posterior del cuerpo tiene un dise\u00f1o oscuro sobre fondo amarillo.\r\n\r\nS\u00f3lo existe otra especie en Alemania capaz de cambiar activamente de color: Thomisus onustus<\/em>. Aqu\u00ed el espectro es m\u00e1s amplio y puede ir del blanco al violeta, pasando por el amarillo. Adem\u00e1s, Thomisus<\/em> puede reconocerse por las dos jorobas que tiene en el abdomen y por sus ojos laterales ligeramente sobresalientes. Las Misumena<\/em> juveniles tienen un color verdoso, puesto que suelen encontrarse sobre hojas u otras partes verdes de las plantas. Por ello, pueden confundirse potencialmente con varias especies verdes de ara\u00f1as cangrejo como Diaea dorsata<\/em>, Diaea pictilis<\/em>, Misumenops tricuspidatus<\/em>, Heriaeus mellotei<\/em> y Heriaeus graminicola<\/em>.\r\n\r\nDebido a su color brillante y su variabilidad, Misumena vatia<\/em> ha sido descrita bajo \u00a1m\u00e1s de 20 nombres cient\u00edficos diferentes! S\u00f3lo la taxonom\u00eda moderna y el establecimiento de caracteres relevantes para desentra\u00f1ar sus parentescos evolutivos ha permitido desterrar esas sinonimias.\r\n\r\nDerivaci\u00f3n del nombre<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNombre gen\u00e9rico: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (griego) \u2013 odiado; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (griego) \u2013 odiar\r\nNombre espec\u00edfico: vatius, -a, -um (lat\u00edn) \u2013 curvado hacia fuera (o sea, con patas curvadas).\r\n\r\nLa Ara\u00f1a Europea del A\u00f1o - AEA<\/b>\r\n\r\nDesde el a\u00f1o 2000 un grupo de expertos de Alemania, Austria y Suiza ha elegido una especie de ara\u00f1a como centro de inter\u00e9s durante un a\u00f1o. Tras la ara\u00f1a buceadora Argironeta aquatica<\/em> (2001), fue el turno de la ara\u00f1a avispa (2002), la ara\u00f1a ni\u00f1era Pisaura mirabilis<\/em> (2003), la ara\u00f1a verde cazadora Micrommata virescens<\/em> (2004) y la ara\u00f1a cebra Salticus scenicus<\/em>(2005). Aunque el proyecto comenz\u00f3 en los pa\u00edses de habla alemana, los colegas belgas y holandeses se unieron en 2005. Para el a\u00f1o 2006 se ha organizado por vez primera un aut\u00e9ntico proyecto europeo. Por tanto, Misumena<\/em> ser\u00e1 la representante de las ara\u00f1as desde Escandinavia al Mediterr\u00e1neo y de Irlanda a Hungr\u00eda y dar\u00e1 a conocer la fascinante vida de estos \u00fatiles animales.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels, Marcos M\u00e9ndez<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Eurooppalainen vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki 2006<\/h4>\r\nKukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nEnsimm\u00e4inen eurooppalainen vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki, vuodelle 2006, on rapuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkeihin kuuluva kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki \u2013Misumena vatia<\/i> (Clerck 1757). Kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin rapumaisesti sivulle k\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet raajat ovat tyypillisi\u00e4 koko rapuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkien heimolle ja antavat sille nimen. Etumaiset raajat ovat pidemm\u00e4t kuin taaemmat raajat. Kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki eroaa muista rapuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkilajeistamme kyvyll\u00e4\u00e4n vaihtaa v\u00e4ri\u00e4\u00e4n keltaisesta valkoiseen.\r\n\r\nBiologia ja aikuisuusaika<\/b>\r\n\r\nKukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki on, kuten muutkin heimonsa edustajat, paikallaan saalista odottava peto. Tavallisesti se v\u00e4ijyy kukan ter\u00e4lehtien joukossa odottaen siihen lent\u00e4vi\u00e4 hy\u00f6nteisi\u00e4. Se pit\u00e4\u00e4 itsens\u00e4 paikallaan lyhyemmill\u00e4 takaraajapareillaan. Eteen- ja yl\u00f6sp\u00e4in suunnatuilla kahdella vahvemmalla raajaparillaan se nappaa pahaa-aavistamattoman kukalle tulevan hy\u00f6nteisen \u00e4llistytt\u00e4v\u00e4n nopeasti ja antaa samalla myrkkypureman. Saalis sy\u00f6d\u00e4\u00e4n tavallisesti kukassa imem\u00e4ll\u00e4 se kuiviin pienten reikien kautta, niin ett\u00e4 l\u00e4hes kokonainen kitiinikuori j\u00e4\u00e4 j\u00e4ljelle.\r\n\r\nKukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kit ovat v\u00e4rinvaihtokykyns\u00e4 johdosta eritt\u00e4in hyvin naamioituneita sek\u00e4 valkoisissa ett\u00e4 keltaisissa kukissa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 v\u00e4rinvaihto on mahdollista ainoastaan aikuisille naarasyksil\u00f6ille, ja v\u00e4rinvaihto kest\u00e4\u00e4 parisen vuorokautta. Tutkimusten mukaan suojav\u00e4ri tekee h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kit vaikeasti havaittaviksi, \u201dn\u00e4kym\u00e4tt\u00f6miksi\u201d, sek\u00e4 niiden saalistajille ett\u00e4 mahdollisille saalisel\u00e4imille.\r\n\r\nAikuisia kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkej\u00e4 tavataan alku- ja keskikes\u00e4ll\u00e4. Parittelu tapahtuu alkukes\u00e4ll\u00e4, t\u00e4ll\u00f6in naarasta paljon pienempi koiras on ensin jonkin aikaa naaraan selk\u00e4puolella ja riippuu sen vatsapuolella varsinaisen parittelun ajan. Naaras k\u00e4tkee munakotelon seitill\u00e4 yhteenkudottujen lehtien v\u00e4liin. Nuoret yksil\u00f6t talvehtivat lehtikarikkeessa ja kehittyv\u00e4t aikuisiksi seuraavana vuonna.\r\n\r\nElinpaikka ja levinneisyys<\/b>\r\n\r\nTyypillisi\u00e4 elinpaikkoja ovat avoimet alueet kuten niityt, suot ja kedot, mutta my\u00f6s aurinkoiset teiden ja metsien laidat, joutomaat ja puutarhat. Suomessa kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki on levinnyt Mets\u00e4-Lappiin asti, ja se n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 olevan runsaampi maan etel\u00e4osissa. Etel\u00e4\u00e4n ment\u00e4ess\u00e4 sit\u00e4 tavataan V\u00e4limeren maihin asti. Se tunnetaan my\u00f6s Aasian pohjoisosista ja Pohjois-Amerikasta. Kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin sukuun (Misumena<\/em>) sis\u00e4llytet\u00e4\u00e4n runsaat 40 lajia, jotka esiintyv\u00e4t p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa trooppisessa ja subtrooppisessa vy\u00f6hykkeess\u00e4.\r\n\r\nTuntomerkit ja samann\u00e4k\u00f6isi\u00e4 lajeja<\/b>\r\n\r\nVain aikuiset naaraat ovat kirkkaan keltaisia tai valkoisia. N\u00e4iden kahden p\u00e4\u00e4tyypin lis\u00e4ksi tavataan kaikenlaisia v\u00e4limuotoja, l\u00e4hinn\u00e4 vihert\u00e4v\u00e4n ja valkoisen s\u00e4vyiss\u00e4. Naaraan takaruumin selk\u00e4puolella on toisinaan punaiset pituusjuovat, ja eturuumiin yl\u00e4pinnalla on kaksi tummaa juovaa. Paljon pienikokoisemmalla koiraalla on tummanruskea eturuumis ja tummat etummaiset raajat, takaruumis on keltainen ja siin\u00e4 on selk\u00e4puolella tummempaa kuviointia. Etel\u00e4mp\u00e4n\u00e4 Euroopassa on toinenkin v\u00e4rin vaihtoon kykenev\u00e4 rapuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkilaji, Thomisus onustus<\/em>. Nuoret kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kit ovat vihert\u00e4vi\u00e4, koska ne el\u00e4v\u00e4t vihreill\u00e4 kasveilla tai lehdill\u00e4. Siten nuoret kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kit saattaisi ehk\u00e4 sekoittaa meill\u00e4 eritt\u00e4in harvinaiseen, lounaiseen Diaea dorsata<\/em>-rapuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkiin. Keski-Euroopassa t\u00e4llaisia vihreit\u00e4 rapuh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkilajeja on useampiakin.\r\n\r\nHuomiota her\u00e4tt\u00e4v\u00e4n v\u00e4rityksens\u00e4 ja sen vaihteluiden vuoksi kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki on kuvattu yli 20 eri tieteellisell\u00e4 nimell\u00e4! Moderni taksonominen tutkimus ja k\u00e4ytt\u00f6kelpoisten tuntomerkkien l\u00f6yt\u00e4minen ovat selvitt\u00e4neet n\u00e4m\u00e4 synonyymi-nimet.\r\n\r\nTieteellisen nimen alkuper\u00e4<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSukunimi: [mis\u00famenos] (kreik) \u2013 vihattu; [mis\u00e9o]; (kreik) \u2013 vihata\r\nLajinimi: vatius, -a, -um (lat.) \u2013 ulosp\u00e4in taipunut, \u201dl\u00e4nkis\u00e4\u00e4rinen\u201d (jaloista)\r\n\r\nEurooppalainen vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki<\/b>\r\n\r\nVuodesta 2000 l\u00e4htien on asiantuntijaryhm\u00e4 Saksasta, It\u00e4vallasta ja Sveitsist\u00e4 valinnut vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kin. Vuoden h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkej\u00e4 ovat olleet vesih\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki (2000), ampiaish\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki (2001; t\u00e4t\u00e4 lajia ei ole viel\u00e4 tavattu Suomesta), kanervah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki (2002), vaaksiaish\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki (2003), viherh\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki (2004) ja seeprahyppij\u00e4 (2005). Hanke alkoi saksaa puhuvista maista, ja belgialaiset ja hollantilaiset tutkijat tulivat mukaan 2005. Vuoden 2006 lajia valittaessa organisoitiin ensimm\u00e4ist\u00e4 kertaa todellinen eurooppalainen yhteisprojekti. Siten kukkah\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kki edustaa h\u00e4m\u00e4h\u00e4kkej\u00e4 Skandinaviasta V\u00e4limerelle ja Irlannista Unkariin kiinnitt\u00e4en huomiota t\u00e4m\u00e4n hy\u00f6dyllisen el\u00e4inryhm\u00e4n mielenkiintoisiin piirteisiin ja elintapoihin.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Seppo Koponen<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Araign\u00e9e europ\u00e9enne de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2006<\/h4>\r\nLa Misum\u00e8ne variable ou \"araign\u00e9e crabe des fleurs\" ou \"araign\u00e9e cam\u00e9l\u00e9on\" - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nLa premi\u00e8re araign\u00e9e europ\u00e9enne de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, choisie pour 2006, est la \"Misum\u00e8ne variable\" - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck, 1757). Elle appartient \u00e0 la famille des Thomisidae (Araign\u00e9es-crabes). Elles ont re\u00e7u ce nom de famille en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re avec laquelle elles se d\u00e9placent, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire lat\u00e9ralement\u00a0 comme le font les crabes. Les deux paires de pattes ant\u00e9rieures sont plus longues que les post\u00e9rieures. Cette araign\u00e9e se distingue des autres araign\u00e9es-crabes europ\u00e9ennes par sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 changer de couleur, du jaune au blanc.\r\n\r\nBiologie<\/b>\r\n\r\nL\u2019Araign\u00e9e-crabe des fleurs est comme les autres membres de sa famille, une chasseuse \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie d\u2019attente. La plupart du temps, elle est \u00e0 l\u2019aff\u00fbt entre les p\u00e9tales de fleurs attendant l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019un insecte. Elle se tient fermement \u00e0 l\u2019aide de ses petites pattes arri\u00e8res tandis que ses pattes ant\u00e9rieures sont largement \u00e9cart\u00e9es. D\u2019un geste rapide elle saisit le visiteur qui ne se doute de rien, en lui infligeant une morsure venimeuse mortelle. La proie est mang\u00e9e le plus souvent sur la fleur et suc\u00e9e jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la moelle \u00e0 travers de minuscules trous, ne laissant ensuite qu\u2019une peau vide.\r\n\r\nGr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur capacit\u00e9 de changement de couleur, ces araign\u00e9es-crabes sont merveilleusement camoufl\u00e9es sur des fleurs jaunes et blanches. Seules les femelles adultes d\u00e9tiennent cette facult\u00e9 et ont besoin de quelques jours pour accomplir ce processus actif. Des recherches ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que ce camouflage avait un double avantage tant pour la capture de proies que pour se pr\u00e9server d\u2019attaques de pr\u00e9dateurs potentiels.\r\n\r\nLes araign\u00e9es adultes\u00a0 se retrouvent de mai \u00e0 juillet. Le m\u00e2le, plus petit que la femelle, s\u2019accouple avec celle-ci au d\u00e9but de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9. Il s\u00e9journe quelques temps avant sur le dos de la femelle et prend place en dessous d\u2019elle lors de l\u2019accouplement. Le cocon contenant les \u0153ufs est cach\u00e9 dans une feuille repli\u00e9e dont les bords sont fix\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019aide des fils de soies. Les jeunes passent l\u2019hiver dans la liti\u00e8re et se d\u00e9veloppent jusqu\u2019au stade adulte l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante.\r\n\r\nBiotope et r\u00e9partition<\/b>\r\n\r\nLa Misum\u00e8ne variable\u00a0habite surtout les biotopes ouverts tels que des prairies, landes et champs, mais peut \u00e9galement se rencontrer le long de sentiers ensoleill\u00e9s, lisi\u00e8res de for\u00eats, terrains rud\u00e9rales ou jardins. Tout en se rencontrant partout en France, elle est \u00e9galement plus commune dans le sud. Le signalement de cette esp\u00e8ce (de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence avec photo) est le bienvenue aux adresses de contacts donn\u00e9es ci-dessous. En Europe elle a une r\u00e9partition allant de la Scandinavie jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la r\u00e9gion M\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne. Elle est \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sente dans le Nord de l\u2019Asie et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord. Les autres esp\u00e8ces de la quarantaine du genre Misumena<\/em> sont des habitants typiques des r\u00e9gions tropicales et subtropicales.\r\n\r\nCaract\u00e9ristiques et esp\u00e8ces ressemblantes<\/b>\r\n\r\nSeules les femelles adultes montrent la forte coloration jaune ou blanche. A cot\u00e9 de ses deux variantes, nous retrouvons toutes sortes de formes interm\u00e9diaires avec des nuances \"vert-blanc\". En plus, ces animaux ont parfois un abdomen d\u00e9cor\u00e9 de deux lignes longitudinales rouges. La partie dorsale du c\u00e9phalothorax a deux bandes sombres. Le m\u00e2le (beaucoup plus petit que la femelle) a un c\u00e9phalothorax brun fonc\u00e9 avec une \u00e9troite bande m\u00e9diane jaune, et les pattes sont obscures. La partie post\u00e9rieure du corps est jaun\u00e2tre avec deux lignes m\u00e9dianes sombres.\r\n\r\nIl y a une autre esp\u00e8ce d\u2019araign\u00e9e-crabe en France pouvant \u00e9galement changer de couleur\u00a0: Thomisus onustus<\/em> . Elle a une plus large gamme de couleurs allant du blanc au jaune jusqu\u2019au violet. Elle peut \u00eatre identifi\u00e9e par la pr\u00e9sence de deux bosses sur l\u2019abdomen et des yeux lat\u00e9raux l\u00e9g\u00e8rement sur\u00e9lev\u00e9s.\r\n\r\nLes jeunes Misumena<\/em> ont une couleur verd\u00e2tre ayant tendance le plus souvent \u00e0 se tenir sur des feuilles ou plantes vertes. Ainsi ils peuvent \u00eatre potentiellement confondus avec certaines araign\u00e9es-crabes de couleur verte comme Diaea dorsata<\/em>,Misumenops tricuspidatus, Heriaeus mellotei<\/em> et Heriaeus graminicola<\/em>.\r\n\r\nA cause de ses coloris et leur variabilit\u00e9, Misumena vatia<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crite sous plus de vingt noms scientifiques diff\u00e9rents! La taxonomie moderne et la reconnaissance de nouveaux caract\u00e8res pour mieux comprendre les relations ont permis de mettre cela \u00e0 jour et de r\u00e9v\u00e9ler ces synonymes.\r\n\r\nOrigine du nom<\/b>\r\n\r\nNom du genre : \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (grecque ) \u2013 ha\u00efs; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (grecque ) \u2013 ha\u00efr\r\nNom de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce : vatius, -a, -um (en latin) \u2013 courb\u00e9 vers l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur (ici \"avec pattes courb\u00e9es\")\r\n\r\nAraign\u00e9e europ\u00e9enne de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u2013 ESY<\/b>\r\n\r\nDepuis l\u2019an 2000 un groupe d\u2019experts d\u2019Allemagne, d\u2019Autriche et de Suisse ont choisi une esp\u00e8ce d\u2019araign\u00e9e comme curiosit\u00e9 ou centre d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour le public pendant une ann\u00e9e. En 2001 ce f\u00fbt l\u2019araign\u00e9e d\u2019eau, Argyroneta aquatica<\/em>, en 2002,l\u2019araign\u00e9e-gu\u00eape, Argiope bruennichi<\/em>, en 2003 l\u2019araign\u00e9e \u00e0 toile pouponni\u00e8re, Pisaura mirabilis<\/em>, en 2004 l\u2019araign\u00e9e verte chasseuse, Micrommata virescens<\/em> et en 2005 l\u2019araign\u00e9e z\u00e9br\u00e9e, Salticus scenicus<\/em>. Le projet a commenc\u00e9 dans les pays germanophiles puis les coll\u00e8gues belges et hollandais y ont adh\u00e9r\u00e9 en 2005. Depuis 2006, un v\u00e9ritable projet europ\u00e9en s\u2019est \u00e9tabli. Ainsi, cette ann\u00e9e Misumena<\/em> est l\u2019ambassadrice pour toutes les araign\u00e9es, de la Scandinavie \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne et de l\u2019Irlande \u00e0 la Hongrie. Elle montrera les aspects fascinants de ces animaux tr\u00e8s utiles.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels, L\u00e9on Baert & Christine Rollard<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Il ragno Europeo dell\u2019anno 2006<\/h4>\r\nIl ragno-granchio dei fiori - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nIl primo ragno europeo dell\u2019anno, scelto per il 2006, \u00e8 il ragno-granchio dei fiori - Misumena vatia<\/i> (Clerck, 1757). Come tutti ragni granchio, Misumena<\/i> ha zampe ricurve simili a quelli dei granchi, caratteristica che d\u00e0 il nome alla famiglia. Le zampe anteriori sono pi\u00f9 lunghe di quelle posteriori. Si differenzia da tutte le altre specie europee per la sua abilit\u00e0 nel cambiare colore, dal giallo al bianco.\r\n\r\nBiologia e maturit\u00e0 sessuale<\/b>\r\n\r\nIl ragno-granchio dei fiori \u00e8, come tutti gli altri componenti della famiglia, un predatore \u201csit-and-wait\u201d. Spesso rimane in agguato tra i petali in attesa di insetti volanti. Il ragno si aggrappa in modo stabile mediante gli arti posteriori. Gli arti anteriori, che vengono tenuti in avanti, sono molto pi\u00f9 potenti e catturano con sorprendente velocit\u00e0 l\u2019ignaro visitatore del fiore, immediatamente il morso velenoso viene inflitto. Nella maggior parte dei casi, la preda viene divorata sul fiore e viene prosciugata attraverso piccoli fori, in modo che soltanto l\u2019esoscheletro rimane.\r\n\r\nI ragni-granchio dei fiori sono, grazie alla loro abilit\u00e0 nel cambiare colore, perfettamente mimetizzati sia su fiori bianchi che gialli. Questo processo pu\u00f2 essere presente soltanto in femmine adulte e necessit\u00e0 di alcuni giorni per essere completato. Studi scientifici dimostrano che questo mimetismo rende i ragni difficili da vedere; sia per le prede che per i potenziali predatori. Individui sessualmente maturi possono essere trovati da Maggio a Luglio. I maschi, pi\u00f9 piccoli, copulano con le femmine agli inizi dell\u2019estate, restando per un periodo sull\u2019addome della femmina e appeso sulla parte ventrale durante il processo di copula. Solitamente il bozzolo \u00e8 nascosto tra le foglie, tenute insieme da seta. I giovani superano il periodo invernale nella lettiera e sviluppano in adulti l\u2019anno successivo.\r\n\r\nHabitat e distribuzione<\/b>\r\n\r\nGli habitat tipici sono spazi aperti come prati, brughiere e campi, ma anche soleggiati sentieri e margini forestali, aree incolte e giardini. In Inghilterra la specie sembra essere presente esclusivamente nelle regioni meridionali. Notizie su ritrovamenti da tutte le regioni (con fotografie) sono molto apprezzate (vedi contatto sotto). In Europa, Misumena<\/em> la distribuzione va dalla Penisola Scandinava sino al Mediterraneo. E\u2019 presente anche in Asia settentrionale e Nord America. Le altre 40 specie del genere Misumena<\/em> vivono nelle regioni tropicali e subtropicali.\r\n\r\nCaratteristiche e specie simili<\/b>\r\n\r\nSoltanto le Soltanto le femmine mature hanno la intensa colorazione gialla o bianca. Tra queste due varianti, tutte le varie tonalit\u00e0 tra verde e bianco possono essere trovate. In pi\u00f9, strisce rosse sull\u2019addome possono presentarsi. Il cefalotorace ha due strisce scure sulla parte superiore. Il maschio, dalle dimensioni ridotte, ha un cefalotorace marrone scuro come le zampe, mentre la parte posteriore del corpo \u00e8 giallo con disegni scuri. C\u2019\u00e8 un\u2019altra specie in Germania che pu\u00f2 cambiare attivamente il proprio colore: Thomisus onustus<\/em>. In questa specie, la variet\u00e0 di tonalit\u00e0 dei colori \u00e8 maggiore e pu\u00f2 andare dal bianco, giallo al viola. Inoltre Thomisus<\/em> pu\u00f2 essere identificato dalla presenza di due protuberanze sull\u2019addome e gli occhi laterali leggermente sollevati. I giovani di Misumena<\/em> hanno un colore verdastro, dal momento che tendono a stare sulle parti verdi o foglie della pianta. Quindi possono essere facilmente confusi con numerose altre specie di ragni granchio verdi come Diaea dorsata, Diaea pictilis, Misumenops tricuspidatus, Heriaeus mellotei<\/em> e Heriaeus graminicola<\/em>. Per la sua colorazione chiara e la sua variabilit\u00e0, Misumena vatia<\/em> \u00e8 stato descritto con pi\u00f9 di 20 diversi nomi scientifici! Soltanto la tassonomia moderna ed il riconoscimento di caratteri rilevanti, utili ad evidenziare relazioni di parentela, hanno rivelato questi come sinonimi.\r\n\r\nEtimologia<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGenere: \u03bc\u03b9 [mis\u00famenos] (greco) \u2013 odiato; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (greco) \u2013 odiare, avere in odio\r\nSpecie: vatius, -a, -um (latino) \u2013 piegate, con zampe piegate\r\n\r\nEuropean Spider of the Year \u2013 ESY<\/b>\r\n\r\nDall\u2019anno 2000 un gruppo di esperti tedeschi, austriaci e svizzeri hanno scelto una specie di ragno come specie sulla quale focalizzare l\u2019interesse. Successivamente al ragno acquatico (2001), fu il ragno-vespa (2002), the nursery web spider (ragno Pisauridae) (2003), il ragno verde cacciatore (2004) ed infine il ragno zebrato (2005). Mentre il progetto inizi\u00f2 nei paesi a lingua tedesca, colleghi belgi ed olandesi parteciparono nel 2005. Per il 2006, per la prima volta, \u00e8 stato organizzato un rispettabile progetto Europeo. Quindi Misumena<\/em> rappresenter\u00e0 i ragni dalla Penisola Scandinava al Mediterraneo e dall\u2019Irlanda sino all\u2019Ungheria, mostrando il fascino di questi utili animali.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Valerio Vignoli<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Europese Spin van het Jaar 2006<\/h4>\r\nDe Gewone Kameleonspin - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nIn 2006 wordt voor het eerst een Europese \"Spin van het Jaar\" verkozen. De eer is aan de Gewone Kameleonspin \u2013Misumena vatia<\/i> (Clerck 1757). Zij behoort tot de familie van de Krabspinnen. Die naam dankt de familie vooral aan de krabachtige poten die zijwaarts gericht zijn. De twee voorste paar poten zijn duidelijk langer dan de achterste. De Kameleonspin ondescheidt zich wel van andere inheemse krabspinnen door het bijzondere vermogen om van kleur te kunnen veranderen. De meest voorkomende kleuren zijn geel en wit, maar er zijn ook exemplaren gezien die groenig tot grijsblauw gekleurd waren.\r\n\r\nBiologie<\/b>\r\n\r\nDe Gewone Kameleonspin is zoals andere krabspinnen een typische \"afwachtende\" jager. Meestal ligt ze op de loer tussen bloemblaadjes, wachtend op insecten die de bloemen bezoeken. Met haar kleinere achterpoten verankert ze zich, terwijl de sterkere voorpoten opengesperd zijn. Hiermee grijpt de spin razendsnel de nietsvermoedende bloembezoeker en dient tegelijkertijd een gifbeet toe. De prooi wordt meestal op de bloem verorberd door ze via kleine gaatjes leeg te zuigen. Na de maaltijd blijft enkel het lege uitwendige skelet achter.\r\n\r\nDankzij hun vermogen om van kleur te veranderen zijn Kameleonspinnen wonderlijk goed gecamoufleerd op witte en gele bloemen. Enkel volwassen vrouwtjesdieren zijn hiertoe in staat en hebben enkele dagen nodig om het proces te voltooien. Wetenschappelijk onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat deze camouflage de spinnen zowel voor hun prooien als voor mogelijke aanvallers vrijwel onzichtbaar maakt.\r\n\r\nDe volwassen spinnen kunnen van mei tot juli worden gevonden. Het mannetje, dat veel kleiner is, paart met het vrouwtje bij het begin van de zomer. Tijdens het paringsproces vertoeft hij eerst een tijdje op het achterlijf van het vrouwtje om dan tijdens de eigenlijke paringsdaad aan de onderkant ervan te hangen. Het eipakket wordt op een karakteristieke manier verborgen in een blad dat met spinsel wordt dichtgesponnen. De jongen overwinteren tussen bladafval en ontwikkelen zich tot volwassen exemplaar in het volgende jaar.\r\n\r\nLeefgebied en verspreiding<\/b>\r\n\r\nDe Gewone Kameleonspin is een bewoner van open plaatsen zoals grasland, heideland en velden, maar kan ook worden aangetroffen op zonnige paden, bosranden, braakland en tuinen. In Belgi\u00eb wordt de spin vooral in het zuiden van het land gevonden, maar ze wordt ook in Vlaanderen aangetroffen. In de Rode Lijst van zeldzame en bedreigde spinnen in Vlaanderen, wordt haar status \"kwetsbaar\" genoemd. Meldingen (liefst met foto) van de soort zijn zeer welkom (zie contactadres hieronder). In Europa is Misumena<\/em> verspreid van Scandinavi\u00eb tot het Middellandse Zeegebied. Ze wordt ook gevonden in het noorden van Azi\u00eb en Noord-Amerika. De meer dan 40 andere soorten van het genus Misumena<\/em> zijn typische bewoners van tropische en subtropische gebieden.\r\n\r\nKenmerken en gelijkende soorten<\/b>\r\n\r\nEnkel de volwassen vrouwtjes zijn felgeel of helwit gekleurd. Naast deze twee kleurvarianten worden ook alle schakeringen met groen-witte tinten aangetroffen. Soms zijn de dieren bovendien versierd met twee rode strepen op het achterlijf. De bovenkant van het kopborststuk toont twee zwarte strepen. Het veel kleinere mannetje heeft een donkerbruin kopborststuk en donkere voorpoten. Het achterste gedeelte van het lichaam is geel met een donker kleurenpatroon.\r\n\r\nNog \u00e9\u00e9n Belgische spinnensoort is in staat om van kleur te veranderen: Thomisus onustus<\/em> (Bloemkrabspin). Zij heeft een nog groter kleurbereik en kan van wit over geel tot violet gekleurd zijn. Daarnaast verschilt ze door de twee bulten op haar achterlijf en de zij-ogen die op een kleine verhoging staan. De jongen van Misumena<\/em> hebben een groenachtige kleur aangezien ze meestal op groene plantdelen zitten. Daardoor kunnen ze mogelijk verward worden met sommige groengekleurde krabspinsoorten zoals Diaea dorsata<\/em> (Groene Krabspin), Misumenops tricuspidatus<\/em> (Struikkameleonspin) and Heriaeus graminicola<\/em> (Haarkrabspin).\r\n\r\nOmwille van haar opvallende kleur en variabiliteit, is Misumena vatia<\/em> onder meer dan 20 verschillende wetenschappelijke namen beschreven geweest! De moderne naamgevingswetenschap bracht deze synoniemen aan het licht.\r\n\r\nOorsprong van de naam<\/strong>\r\n\r\nGenusnaam: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (in het Grieks) \u2013 gehaat; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (Grieks) \u2013 haten\r\nSoortnaam: vatius, -a, -um (in het Latijn) \u2013 naar buiten gebogen (hier \"met gebogen poten\")\r\n\r\nEuropean Spider of the Year \u2013 ESY<\/b>\r\n\r\nSinds 2000 kiest een groep van experten uit Duitsland, Oostenrijk en Zwitserland een spinnensoort die gedurende een jaar in de belangstelling staat. Na de Waterspin (2001) was het de beurt aan de Tijgerspin (2002), de Kraamwebspin (2003), de Groene Jachtspin (2004) en vorig jaar de Huiszebraspin (2005). De Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging ARABEL was de eerste om het oorspronkelijk Duitstalige project \"open te trekken\". Vanaf 2006 wordt een volwaardig Europees \"Spin van het Jaar\"-project georganiseerd. Dit jaar is Misumena<\/em> dus de \"ambassadeur\" van de spinnen van Scandinavi\u00eb tot het Middellandse Zeegebied en van Ierland tot Hongarije. Men rekent op haar om de fascinerende kant van deze uiterst nuttige dieren tot zijn recht te laten komen.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Koen Van Keer<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

\u00c5rets europeiske edderkopp for 2006<\/h4>\r\nKameleonkrabbe-edderkoppen - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nEdderkoppen som er valgt som \u00e5rets edderkopp i Europa 2006 er kameleonkrabbe-edderkoppen \u2013 Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757). I likhet med alle krabbe-edderkopper er beina vridd til siden, noe som gir dem deres familienavn. Frambeina er lengre enn de bakre beina. Kameleonkrabbe-edderkoppen skiller seg fra alle andre europeiske arter ved at den kan skifte farge fra gul til hvit.\r\n\r\nBiologi og aktivitetsperiode<\/b>\r\n\r\nKameleonkrabbe-edderkoppen er, som alle andre krabbe-edderkopper, en bakholdspredator. Den tilbringer det meste av tiden i blomsterkroner mens den venter p\u00e5 at et bytte skal dukke opp. Den bruker de mindre bakbeina til \u00e5 st\u00f8tte seg, mens de lenge og kraftige forbeina holdes utstrakt til siden. N\u00e5r et insekt lander i n\u00e6rheten griper forbeina lynrask det intetanende insektet og biter samtidig byttet. Giften er meget effektiv og etter at byttet er d\u00f8dt suges det t\u00f8rt gjennom sm\u00e5 hull i det ytre skjellettet. Til slutt er det bare et tomt skall igjen.\r\n\r\nKameleonkrabbe-edderkoppen er meget godt kamuflert p\u00e5 hvite og gule blomster, takket v\u00e6re dens evne til \u00e5 endre farge. Det er kun de voksne hunnene som skifter farge og denne prosessen tar flere dager. Vitenskaplige unders\u00f8kelser viser at kamuflasjen virkelig virker, b\u00e5de byttedyrene og potensielle fiender vil ha store vanskeligheter med \u00e5 oppdage kameleonkrabbe-edderkoppen.\r\n\r\nVoksne individer kan finnes fra omtrent mai til juli. Den mye mindre hannen parer seg med hunnen tidlig p\u00e5 sommeren. Den tilbringer faktisk endel tid p\u00e5 selve hunnen og henger fra undersiden under selve paringsakten. Eggsekken gjemmes normalt mellom blader som er vevd sammen med silke. Ungene klekkes p\u00e5 h\u00f8sten og overvintrer p\u00e5 skogbunnen og utvikler seg til voksne dyr f\u00f8rst det p\u00e5f\u00f8lgende \u00e5r.\r\n\r\nHabitat og utbredelse<\/b>\r\n\r\nTypiske habitat er \u00e5pne omr\u00e5der som gressenger, myrer og \u00e5kre, men den kan ogs\u00e5 finnes langs stier og skogkanter, skrotemark og hager. I England er arter kun utbredt i de sydligere deler. I Norge er den vanlig p\u00e5 \u00d8st- og S\u00f8rlandet vest til Kristiansand og s\u00e5 langt nord til Trondheim, men det finnes s\u00e5 langt ingen funn fra Vestlandet. I Europa er arten kjent fra de fleste land, helt til Middelhavet. Den er ogs\u00e5 kjent fra nordlige Asia og Nord-Amerika. De finnes vel 40 andre arter i slektenMisumena<\/em>, men de finnes alle i subtropiske og tropiske str\u00f8k.\r\n\r\nKjennetegn og lignende arter<\/b>\r\n\r\nDet er kun voksne hunner som er sterkt farget i gult eller hvitt. I tillegg til disse vanlige fargevarianter kjenner man til alle typer mellomformer med gr\u00f8nnhvite nyanser. Noen individer har klare r\u00f8de striper p\u00e5 siden av bakkroppen. Forkroppen har to m\u00f8rke striper p\u00e5 ryggsiden. Den mye mindre hannen har en m\u00f8rk brun forkropp og m\u00f8rke frembein, mens bakkroppen er gul med m\u00f8rke markeringer. De finnes ingen andre edderkopper i Norge som forandrer farge p\u00e5 samme m\u00e5te som Misumena vatia<\/em>, men p\u00e5 kontinentet finnes det en art, Thomisus onustus<\/em>, som kan gj\u00f8re det. Fargespektret hos denne arten er st\u00f8rre og fargene kan variere fra hvite til gul til fiolett. I tillegg har Thomisus<\/em> to pukler p\u00e5 bakkroppen og side\u00f8ynene p\u00e5 tuberkler. Ikke-fullvoksne Misumena<\/em> er gr\u00f8nlige p\u00e5 farge siden de normalt sitter p\u00e5 gr\u00f8nne plantedeler og blader. Disse ungdyrene kan derfor potensielt forveksles med ulike gr\u00f8nne krabbe-edderkopper slik som Diaea dorsata<\/em> og diverse andre arter som finnes i s\u00f8rligere deler av Europa.\r\n\r\nP\u00e5 grunn av de klare fargene og den store fargevariasjonen har Misumena vatia<\/em> blitt beskrevet under mer enn 20 vitenskaplige navn. Kun moderne taksonomi og anerkjennelsen av relevante karakterer har gjort det mulig \u00e5 finne ut av disse synonymene.\r\n\r\nBetydningen av navnet<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSlektsnavn: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (gresk) \u2013 hatet; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (gresk) \u2013 \u00e5 hate\r\nArtsnavn: vatius, -a, -um (latin) \u2013 b\u00f8yd utover (d.v.s med b\u00f8yde bein)\r\n\r\n\u00c5rets europeiske edderkopp \u2013 European spider of the year \u2013ESY<\/b>\r\n\r\nSiden \u00e5r 2000 har en gruppe eksperter fra Tyskland, \u00d8sterrike og Sveits valgt en edderkoppart som f\u00e5r ekstra stor fokus i ett \u00e5r. I tidligere \u00e5r har vannedderkoppen (2001), vepse-edderkoppen (2002), lyngrovedderkoppen (2003) og sebraedderkoppen (2004) blitt valgt. Mens prosjektet startet i tyskspr\u00e5klige land har belgiske og nederlandske eksperter kommet til i 2005. I 2006 ble ett skikkelig felleseuropeisk prosjekt organisert for f\u00f8rste gang. Derfor vil Misumena<\/em> i \u00e5r representere edderkopper fra Skandinavia til Middelhavet og fra Irland til Ungarn og vil vise publikum de fascinerende sidene ved disse nyttige dyrene.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Kjetil \u00c5kra<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Aranha Europeia do Ano 2006<\/h4>\r\nA Aranha-Caranguejo-das-Flores - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nA Aranha Europeia do Ano escolhida para 2006 foi a Aranha-Caranguejo-das-Flores \u2013 Misumena vatia<\/i> (Clerck 1757). Como todas aranhas-caranguejo, a disposi\u00e7\u00e3o das patas dasMisumena<\/i> \u00e9 semelhantes \u00e0 dos caranguejos, as patas s\u00e3o projectadas lateralmente, caracter\u00edstica que d\u00e1 o nome \u00e0 fam\u00edlia a que pertencem, a Thomisidae. Os dois pares de patas anteriores s\u00e3o mais longos que os dois pares posteriores. Esta esp\u00e9cie distingue-se das restantes esp\u00e9cies europeias devido \u00e0 sua capacidade de mudar de cor entre o amarelo e o branco.\r\n\r\nBiologia<\/b>\r\n\r\nA Aranha-Caranguejo-das-Flores \u00e9, tal como as restantes esp\u00e9cies desta fam\u00edlia, um predador de espera. Adopta uma estrat\u00e9gia em que espera a passagem dos insectos voadores por entre as p\u00e9talas das flores. Com as patas posteriores segura-se firmemente, enquanto que com as patas anteriores, que s\u00e3o muito mais fortes e projectadas para fora, agarra os visitantes da flor com uma velocidade surpreendente. Ao mesmo tempo que captura a presa, administra uma dentada venenosa. Para se alimentar a aranha suga a presa por pequenos buracos, de tal forma que \u00e9 deixado um exosqueleto quase completo sobre a flor.\r\n\r\nAs Aranhas-Caranguejo-das-Flores, devido \u00e0 sua capacidade de mudar de cor, podem camuflar-se de forma impressionante quer nas flores brancas, quer nas amarelas. Apenas as f\u00eameas adultas t\u00eam esta capacidade e a altera\u00e7\u00e3o entre as duas cores pode demorar cerca de dias at\u00e9 estar completa. Alguns estudos cient\u00edficos sugerem que esta camuflagem torna as aranhas dif\u00edceis de serem detectadas, tanto pelas suas presas como pelos seus potenciais predadores.\r\n\r\nOs indiv\u00edduos adultos podem ser encontrados entre Maio e Julho. Esta esp\u00e9cie apresenta um dimorfismo sexual ao n\u00edvel do seu tamanho, sendo os machos muito mais pequenos que as f\u00eameas. O acasalamento ocorre no in\u00edcio do Ver\u00e3o, em que o macho se prende do lado inferior do abd\u00f3men da f\u00eamea durante algum tempo. O saco de ovos \u00e9 escondido entre as folhas, que s\u00e3o agrupadas com seda. Os juvenis passam o Inverno por entre a manta-morta e atingem a maturidade no ano seguinte.\r\n\r\nHabitat e Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b>\r\n\r\nEsta esp\u00e9cie \u00e9 geralmente encontrada em zonas de espa\u00e7os abertos como prados, charnecas e campos agr\u00edcolas, mas tamb\u00e9m ocorre em outros locais onde haja muita exposi\u00e7\u00e3o solar, como nos caminhos, nas fronteiras florestais, nos baldios e nos jardins. Na Europa a Misumena<\/i> ocorre desde a Escandin\u00e1via at\u00e9 ao Mediterr\u00e2neo. Tamb\u00e9m pode ser encontrada em no Nordeste Asi\u00e1tico e na Am\u00e9rica do Norte. As outras 40 esp\u00e9cies do g\u00e9nero Misumena<\/i> ocorrem nas regi\u00f5es Tropical e Subtropical. Em Portugal \u2026.. Na Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica \u2026.. No Reino Unido a esp\u00e9cie parece ocorrer apenas na regi\u00e3o Sul.\r\n\r\nCaracter\u00edsticas e Esp\u00e9cies Semelhantes <\/b>\r\n\r\nApenas as f\u00eameas adultas apresentam uma cor amarela forte ou branca. Para al\u00e9m destas duas variantes, todos os tipos de cores interm\u00e9dias podem ser encontradas. Tamb\u00e9m podem apresentar riscas vermelhas no abd\u00f3men. O cefalot\u00f3rax tem duas riscas escuras no lado superior. Os machos s\u00e3o muito mais pequenos, o seu cefalot\u00f3rax \u00e9 castanho-escuro, assim como as patas anteriores, enquanto que a parte posterior do corpo \u00e9 amarela com um padr\u00e3o escuro. H\u00e1 uma outra esp\u00e9cie que tamb\u00e9m muda activamente de cor, a Thomisus onustus<\/i>. Nesta esp\u00e9cie o intervalo de cores \u00e9 maior, podendo ir do amarelo at\u00e9 ao violeta. Al\u00e9m do mais, a Thomisus<\/i> pode ser identificada por apresentar duas protuber\u00e2ncias no abd\u00f3men e por ter os olhos laterais ligeiramente elevados. As Misumena<\/i> juvenis t\u00eam uma cor esverdeada, pois tendem a colocar-se nas folhas ou partes verdes das plantas. Por isso, podem potencialmente ser confundidas com outras esp\u00e9cies de aranhas-caranguejo de cor verde, tal como: Diaea dorsata<\/i>, Diaea pictilis<\/i>, Misumenops tricuspidatus, Heriaeus mellotei<\/i><\/i><\/i> e Heriaeus graminicola<\/i>. <\/i><\/i>Devido \u00e0 sua cor brilhante e \u00e0 sua variabilidade a Misumena vatia<\/em> j\u00e1 foi descrita sob mais de 20 nomes cient\u00edficos diferentes! Apenas a taxonomia moderna e o reconhecimento de caracteres relevantes para estabelecer relacionamentos revelaram estas sinon\u00edmias.\r\n\r\nDeriva\u00e7\u00e3o do Nome<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNome do G\u00e9nero: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (Grego) \u2013 odiado; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (Grego) \u2013 odiar\r\nNome da Esp\u00e9cie: vatius, -a, -um (latim) \u2013 dobrado para fora (i.e. com pernas dobradas)\r\n\r\nAranha Europeia do Ano \u2013 ESY<\/b>\r\n\r\nDesde 2000 que um grupo de especialistas Alem\u00e3es, Austr\u00edacos e Su\u00ed\u00e7os escolhem uma esp\u00e9cie de aranha para ser foco de interesse durante um ano. Depois da Aranha-de-\u00c1gua (2001), vieram a Aranha-Vespa (2002), a Aranha-de-Teia-de- Ber\u00e7\u00e1rio (2003), a Aranha-Verde (2004) e a Aranha-Zebra (2005). Enquanto que o projecto come\u00e7ou nos pa\u00edses Germ\u00e2nicos, os colegas Holandeses Belgas juntaram-se em 2005. Em 2006 foi organizado um projecto verdadeiramente europeu pela primeira vez. Assim, a Misumena<\/i> representar\u00e1 aranhas desde a Escandin\u00e1via at\u00e9 ao Mediterr\u00e2neo e desde a Irlanda at\u00e9 \u00e0 Hungria, e dever\u00e1 mostrar o lado fascinante destes animais.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Ana Filipa Gouveia<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

Europejski paj\u0105k roku 2006<\/h4>\r\nKwietnik - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nPierwszym Europejskim Paj\u0105kiem Roku wybranym na rok 2006 jest kwietnik \u2013Misumena vatia<\/i> (Clerck 1757).\r\n\r\nTak jak wszystkie paj\u0105ki krabokszta\u0142tne (rodzina uko\u015bnikowate \u2013 przyp. t\u0142um.), Misumena<\/i> ma podobnie do krab\u00f3w rozstawione na boki odn\u00f3\u017ca i st\u0105d pochodzi nazwa tej rodziny. Przednie odn\u00f3\u017ca s\u0105 d\u0142u\u017csze ni\u017c tylne. Gatunek ten r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 od innych europejskich gatunk\u00f3w zdolno\u015bci\u0105 do zmiany kolor\u00f3w - od \u017c\u00f3\u0142tego do bia\u0142ego.\r\n\r\nBiologia i okres dojrza\u0142o\u015bci<\/b>\r\n\r\nKwietnik, jak inni cz\u0142onkowie tej rodziny, jest drapie\u017cnikiem czyhaj\u0105cym na swoj\u0105 ofiar\u0119. Najcz\u0119\u015bciej zaczaja si\u0119 w\u015br\u00f3d p\u0142atk\u00f3w kwiat\u00f3w czekaj\u0105c na przylatuj\u0105ce owady. Tylnymi, kr\u00f3tkimi odn\u00f3\u017cami przytrzymuje si\u0119 pod\u0142o\u017ca. Przednie, znacznie silniejsze odn\u00f3\u017ca, trzyma szeroko roz\u0142o\u017cone na boki. Chwyta nimi z zadziwiaj\u0105c\u0105 szybko\u015bci\u0105 niczego nie podejrzewaj\u0105ce, odwiedzaj\u0105ce kwiaty owady, kt\u00f3rym natychmiast wstrzykuje jad. Ofiara najcz\u0119\u015bciej jest spo\u017cywana na miejscu i wysysana przez niewielkie otwory, tak \u017ce pozostaje po niej niemal kompletny szkielet zewn\u0119trzny.\r\n\r\nKwietniki, dzi\u0119ki zdolno\u015bci do zmiany koloru, mog\u0105 si\u0119 wspaniale kamuflowa\u0107 zar\u00f3wno na bia\u0142ych jak i \u017c\u00f3\u0142tych kwiatach. Ten aktywny proces mo\u017ce zachodzi\u0107 tylko u doros\u0142ych samic, a uko\u0144czenie go wymaga kilku dni. Badania naukowe sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce kamufla\u017c ten czyni paj\u0105ki trudnymi do spostrze\u017cenia zar\u00f3wno przez ofiary jak i potencjalne drapie\u017cniki.\r\n\r\nDoros\u0142e paj\u0105ki mo\u017cna znale\u017a\u0107 od maja do lipca. Wczesnym latem o wiele mniejsze samce kopuluj\u0105 z samicami. Przebywaj\u0105 pewien czas na odw\u0142oku samicy, a podczas kopulacji zwisaj\u0105 ze spodniej jego strony. Kokon jajowy jest ukrywany pomi\u0119dzy li\u015b\u0107mi po\u0142\u0105czonymi nici\u0105 paj\u0119cz\u0105. Osobniki m\u0142odociane zimuj\u0105 w \u015bci\u00f3\u0142ce i dojrzewaj\u0105 w nast\u0119pnym roku.\r\n\r\n\u015arodowisko wyst\u0119powania i rozmieszczenie<\/b>\r\n\r\nTypowym \u015brodowiskiem s\u0105 tereny otwarte, tak jak \u0142\u0105ki, bagna i pola, lecz tak\u017ce s\u0142oneczne \u015bcie\u017cki i obrze\u017ca las\u00f3w, nieu\u017cytki i ogrody. W Wielkiej Brytanii gatunek ten wydaje si\u0119 wyst\u0119powa\u0107 wy\u0142\u0105cznie na po\u0142udniu. Informacje ze wszystkich region\u00f3w (ze zdj\u0119ciami) s\u0105 ch\u0119tnie widziane (adres do korespondencji poni\u017cej).\r\n\r\nW Europie Misumena<\/i> wyst\u0119puje od Skandynawii po region \u015br\u00f3dziemnomorski. Jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c spotykana w p\u00f3\u0142nocnej Azji j i Ameryce P\u00f3\u0142nocnej. Pozosta\u0142ych 40 gatunk\u00f3w z rodzaju Misumena<\/i> wystepuje w regionach tropikalnych i subtropikalnych.\r\n\r\nCechy charakterystyczne i gatunki podobne<\/b>\r\n\r\nWy\u0142acznie dojrza\u0142e samice posiadaj\u0105 silnie \u017c\u00f3\u0142ty lub bia\u0142y kolor. Opr\u00f3cz tych dw\u00f3ch wariant\u00f3w znajdowane s\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c formy po\u015brednie w zielono-bia\u0142ych tonacjach. Dodatkowo na odw\u0142oku mog\u0105 wyst\u0119powa\u0107 czerwone pasy. Natomiast na grzbietowej stronie g\u0142owotu\u0142owia znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 dwa ciemne pasy. Znacznie mniejszy samiec ma ciemnobr\u0105zowy g\u0142owotu\u0142\u00f3w i ciemne przednie odn\u00f3\u017ca, podczas gdy odw\u0142ok jest koloru \u017c\u00f3\u0142tego z ciemnym wzorem. W Niemczech (r\u00f3wnie\u017c w Polsce \u2013 przyp. t\u0142um.) jest jeszcze jeden gatunek, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017ce tak\u017ce aktywnie zmienia\u0107 kolor: Thomisus onustus<\/i>. W przypadku tego gatunku zakres zmian jest wi\u0119kszy, kolor mo\u017ce zmienia\u0107 si\u0119 od bia\u0142ego do \u017c\u00f3\u0142tego i fioletowego. Ponadto, Thomisus<\/i> mo\u017ce by\u0107 identyfikowany na podstawie dw\u00f3ch garbk\u00f3w na odw\u0142oku i nieznacznie wzniesionych bocznych oczu. M\u0142ode kwietniki s\u0105 zielonkawego koloru, poniewa\u017c przebywaj\u0105 przewa\u017cnie na zielonych cz\u0119\u015bciach ro\u015blin lub li\u015bciach. W zwi\u0105zku z tym mog\u0105 by\u0107 mylone z innymi krabokszta\u0142tnymi paj\u0105kami jak Diaea dorsata<\/i>, Diaea pictilis<\/i>, Misumenops tricuspidatus<\/i>, Heriaeus mellotei <\/i>iHeriaeus graminicola<\/i>.\r\n\r\nZ powodu swojego jasnego koloru i zmienno\u015bci ubarwienia Misumena vatia<\/i> by\u0142a opisana pod wi\u0119cej ni\u017c 20 nazwami gatunkowymi! Dopiero nowoczesna taksonomia i rozpoznanie odpowiednich cech umo\u017cliwi\u0142o ujawnienie tych synonim\u00f3w.\r\n\r\nPochodzenie nazwy<\/strong>\r\n\r\nNazwa rodzaju: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (greka) \u2013 znienawidzony; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (greka) \u2013 nienawidzie\u0107\r\nNazwa gatunkowa: vatius, -a, -um (\u0142acina) \u2013 wygi\u0119te na zewn\u0105trz (z wygi\u0119tymi odn\u00f3\u017cami)\r\n\r\nEuropejski Paj\u0105k Roku (European Spider of the Year \u2013 ESY)<\/b>\r\n\r\nOd 2000 roku grupa ekspert\u00f3w z Niemiec, Austrii i Szwajcarii wybiera corocznie jeden gatunek paj\u0105ka na, na kt\u00f3rym chce skupi\u0107 szersze zainteresowanie. Po paj\u0105ku topiku Argyroneta aquatica<\/i> (2001) wybrano tygrzyka Argiope bruennichi<\/i> (2002), darownika przedziwnego Pisaura mirabilis<\/i> (2003), spachacza zielonawego Micromata virescens<\/i> (2004) i skakuna arlekinowego Salticus scenicus<\/i> (2005). W roku 2005 do niemieckoj\u0119zycznych kraj\u00f3w do\u0142\u0105czy\u0142y Belgia i Holandia. W\u0142a\u015bciwy europejski projekt zosta\u0142 zorganizowany na rok 2006. W ten spos\u00f3b Misumena<\/i> b\u0119dzie reprezentowa\u0107 paj\u0105ki od Skandynawii po Morze \u015ar\u00f3dziemne i od Irlandii po W\u0119gry (oraz Polsk\u0119 \u2013 przyp. t\u0142um.) i powinna ukaza\u0107 fascynuj\u0105c\u0105 stron\u0119 tych bardzo u\u017cytecznych zwierz\u0105t.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Izabela Hajdamowicz<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n

\u00c5rets europeiska spindel 2006<\/h4>\r\nBlomkrabbspindeln - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nDen f\u00f6rsta spindel som blivit utsedd till \u00e5rets europeiska spindel, vald f\u00f6r 2006, \u00e4r blomkrabbspindeln \u2013 Misumena vatia<\/i>(Clerck 1757). Liksom alla krabbspindlar har Misumena<\/i>krabblika ben som \u00e4r roterade \u00e5t sidan. Detta har gett familjen krabbspindlar dess namn. Frambenen \u00e4r betydligt l\u00e4ngre \u00e4n bakbenen. Blomkrabbspindeln skiljer sig fr\u00e5n andra europeiska krabbspindlar genom att den kan byta f\u00e4rg fr\u00e5n gul till vit.\r\n\r\nLevnadss\u00e4tt<\/b>\r\n\r\nBlomkrabbspindeln \u00e4r, liksom \u00f6vriga krabbspindlar, ett rovdjur som sitter och v\u00e4ntar p\u00e5 sina byten. Den lurar oftast bland kronbladen p\u00e5 en flygande insekt ska s\u00e4tta sig i n\u00e4rheten. Med de korta bakbenen h\u00e5ller sig spindeln kvar. De kraftiga frambenen h\u00e5lls ut\u00e5t och f\u00e5ngar mycket snabbt varje ouppm\u00e4rksam blombes\u00f6kare. Samtidigt injiceras ett verksamt gift i bytet. Bytet sugs normalt ut ovanp\u00e5 blomman. Kroppsv\u00e4tskan sugs genom tv\u00e5 sm\u00e5 h\u00e5l i kroppen helt ut, s\u00e5 av bytet \u00e5terst\u00e5r till slut endast det yttre skelettet.\r\n\r\nBlomkrabbspindlarna \u00e4r underbart fint kamouflerade p\u00e5 gula och vita blommor tack vare sin f\u00f6rm\u00e5ga att byte f\u00e4rg. Denna aktiva f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring kan bara ske hos vuxna honor och tar ett par dagar. Studier har visat att detta kamouflage g\u00f6r spindeln sv\u00e5rare att se, b\u00e5de f\u00f6r eventuella rovdjur och bytesdjur.\r\n\r\nVuxna blomkrabbspindlar kan p\u00e5tr\u00e4ffas fr\u00e5n maj till juli. De mycket mindre hanarna parar sig med honorna i b\u00f6rjan av sommaren. F\u00f6re parningen sitter hanen p\u00e5 honans mycket st\u00f6rre bakkropp. Under sj\u00e4lva parningen h\u00e4nger han p\u00e5 undersidan av honans bakkropp. \u00c4ggs\u00e4cken g\u00f6ms i typiska fall mellan av spindelsilke sammanv\u00e4vda blad. De unga \u00f6vervintrar bland gamla blad p\u00e5 marken och blir vuxna f\u00f6ljande \u00e5r.\r\n\r\nF\u00f6rekomst och utbredning<\/b>\r\n\r\nEn typisk livsmilj\u00f6 f\u00f6r blomkrabbspindeln \u00e4r \u00f6ppna solbelysta marker som \u00e4ngar och myrar, men den finns ocks\u00e5 i soliga skogsbryn, p\u00e5 v\u00e4gkanter och i tr\u00e4dg\u00e5rdar. Den \u00e4r utbredd \u00f6ver hela Sverige, fr\u00e5n Sk\u00e5ne till Lappland. Rapporteringar (med fotografier) \u00e4r v\u00e4lkomna fr\u00e5n alla delar (se kontaktadressen nedan). I Europa \u00e4r Misumena<\/em> k\u00e4nd fr\u00e5n norra Skandinavien s\u00f6derut till Medelhavet. Den \u00e4r \u00e4ven k\u00e4nd fr\u00e5n norra Asien och Nordamerika. De andra \u00f6ver 40 k\u00e4nda arterna i sl\u00e4ktet \u00e4r tropiska eller subtropiska arter.\r\n\r\nK\u00e4nnetecken och liknande arter<\/b>\r\n\r\nEndast vuxna honor har den tydlig och kraftig gul eller vit f\u00e4rg. F\u00f6rutom dessa tv\u00e5 klara f\u00e4rgformer finns \u00e4ven m\u00e5nga olika intermedi\u00e4ra f\u00e4rgformer med gr\u00f6n-vit f\u00e4rg. Dessutom kan r\u00f6da r\u00e4nder finnas p\u00e5 bakkroppen. Framkroppen har tv\u00e5 m\u00f6rka sidor\u00e4nder p\u00e5 ovansidan. Den mycket mindre hanen har m\u00f6rkbrun framkropp och m\u00f6rka framben, med en bakkroppen som har gul grundf\u00e4rg med ett m\u00f6rkt m\u00f6nster.\r\n\r\nDet finns i Sverige, endast k\u00e4nd fr\u00e5n Gotland, en annan spindelart som kan byta f\u00e4rg: Thomisus onustus<\/em>. Den kan ha fler f\u00e4rger, fr\u00e5n gul till purpurr\u00f6d. Thomisus<\/em> kan \u00e4ven skiljas p\u00e5 att den har tv\u00e5 pucklar p\u00e5 bakkroppen och sido\u00f6gon p\u00e5 en f\u00f6rh\u00f6jning. Unga Misumena<\/em> har en gr\u00f6naktig f\u00e4rg och brukar sitta p\u00e5 de gr\u00f6na delarna av blomv\u00e4xter. Blomkrabbspindeln kan d\u00e4rf\u00f6r blandas ihop med andra krabbspindlar med gr\u00f6nt i sin f\u00e4rgteckning som den i Sverige p\u00e5 tr\u00e4d vanliga bladkrabbspindeln Diaea dorsata<\/em> och de mer sydliga arterna Diaea pictilis<\/em>, Misumenops tricuspidatus<\/em>, Heriaeus mellotei<\/em> ochHeriaeus graminicola<\/em>.\r\n\r\nP\u00e5 grund av sina klara f\u00e4rger och sin f\u00e4rgvariation har Misumena vatia<\/em> blivit beskriven under mer \u00e4n 20 olika vetenskapliga namn. Modern taxonomi och nyare och b\u00e4ttre kunskap om de relevanta kroppsliga egenskaperna har kunnat visa att dessa namn \u00e4r synonymer.\r\n\r\nNamnets ursprung<\/strong>\r\n\r\nSl\u00e4ktets namn: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (grekiska) \u2013 hatat; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (grekiska) \u2013 at hata\r\nArts namn: vatius, -a, -um (latin) \u2013 b\u00f6jd ut\u00e5t (d. v. s. med b\u00f6jda ben)\r\n\r\n\u00c5rets europeiska spindel (European Spider of the Year \u2013 ESY)<\/b>\r\n\r\nAllt sedan 2000 har en grupp av experter fr\u00e5n Tyskland, \u00d6sterrike och Schweiz valt en spindel till \u00e5rets spindel f\u00f6r att fokusera intresset p\u00e5 den arten. F\u00f6r \u00e5r 2001 valdes vattenspindeln, 2002 getingspindeln, 2003 rovspindeln, 2004 gr\u00f6na bladspindeln och 2005 sebraspindeln (harlekinspindeln).\u00a0 Projektet startade bland de tyskspr\u00e5kiga l\u00e4nderna och utvidgades till att \u00e4ven Belgien och Nederl\u00e4nderna var med 2005. F\u00f6r 2006 organiserades f\u00f6r f\u00f6rsta g\u00e5ngen \u00e5rets spindel som ett europeiskt projekt. Misumena<\/em> blir representant f\u00f6r spindlar fr\u00e5n Sverige till Medelhavsomr\u00e5det, fr\u00e5n Irland till Ungern och visar intressanta egenskaper hos dessa nyttiga djur.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Lars J. Jonsson<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n
\u00a0

Evropski pajek leta 2006<\/h4>\r\nCvetni pajek - Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)\r\n\r\nPajek leta 2006 je cvetni pajek \u2013 Misumena vatia<\/i> (Clerck 1757). Kot je zna\u010dilno za vse \u010dlane dru\u017eine rakovi\u010darjev, ima tudiMisumena<\/i> noge zasukane vstran, kot rakovica. Prva dva para nog sta najdalj\u0161a. Cvetni pajek se razlikuje od drugih evropskih vrst po sposobnosti spreminjanja barve iz rumene v belo.\r\n\r\n\u017divljenjski cikel<\/b>\r\n\r\nKot vsi rakovi\u010darji tudi cvetni pajek ne zalezuje plena, temve\u010d na cvetovih \u010daka predvsem na lete\u010de \u017eu\u017eelke. S kratkimi zadnjimi pari nog pajek dr\u017ei ravnote\u017eje, z dolgima in mo\u010dnima sprednjima paroma nog, ki ju dr\u017ei narazen, pa bliskovito ulovi ni\u010d hudega slute\u010d plen, isto\u010dasno pa mu zadane strupen ugriz. Pajek plen ve\u010dinoma u\u017eije na cvetu - \u017eu\u017eelko uteko\u010dinjeno posesa skozi drobne luknje v njeni hitinja\u010di, le-ta pa ostane izsu\u0161ena skoraj enake oblike, kot je bila \u017eiva.\r\n\r\nCvetni pajek lahko spreminja barvo in je tako \u010dudovito prilagojen na \u017eivljenje na belih in rumenih cvetovih. Za aktivno spremembo barve potrebujejo odrasle samice nekaj dni. Znanstvene \u0161tudije ka\u017eejo, da je tak\u0161na kamufla\u017ea u\u010dinkovita, saj pajka te\u017eko opazi tako njegov morebitni plen kot tudi plenilci.\r\n\r\nCvetni pajki odrastejo med majem in junijem. Pritlikavi sam\u010dki najdejo samico v zgodnjem poletju. Pred parjenjem se samec zadr\u017euje na sami\u010dinem zadku, parjenje poteka na njenem trebu\u0161nem delu. Samica najpogosteje skrije kokon z jaj\u010deci med listjem, ki ga zlepi s paj\u010devino. Mladi pajkci prezimijo v odmrlem listju ter nadaljujejo razvoj spomladi.\r\n\r\n\u017divljenjski prostor in raz\u0161irjenost<\/b>\r\n\r\nTipi\u010dni \u017eivljenjski prostor so odprti travniki, mokri\u0161\u010da in polja, pa tudi son\u010dne poti in gozdni obronki, zara\u0161\u010danja in vrtovi. V Evropi najdemo cvetnega pajka od Skandinavije do Sredozemlja, \u0161ir\u0161e \u0161e v severni Afriki in tudi Severni Ameriki. V Sloveniji je vrsta pogosta. Druge vrste cvetnih pajkov (rod Misumena<\/i>) - znanih je preko 40 - naseljujejo tropske in subtropske kraje.\r\n\r\nZna\u010dilnosti in podobne vrste<\/b>\r\n\r\nSamo odrasle samice so zna\u010dilno rumene ali bele barve, mo\u017eni pa so odtenki drugi barv med obema ekstremoma, kot npr. zelenkasta. Zadek ima lahko tudi rde\u010de \u010drte. Glavoprsje nosi dve temni \u010drti na zgornji strani. Glavoprsje in prva para nog veliko manj\u0161ega samca sta temno rjava, zadek pa rumen s temnim vzorcem.\r\n\r\nDruga evropska vrsta rakovi\u010darjev, ki lahko aktivno spremeni barvo, je Thomisus onustus<\/i>. Paleta barv te vrste je \u0161ir\u0161a - od bele do rumene in vijoli\u010dne, vrsta pa se razlikuje tudi po obliki zadka s parom nabreklin ter po stranskih o\u010deh, ki so dvignjene. Mladi osebki rodu Misumena, <\/i>ki navadno pre\u017eijo na zelenju, so zelenkaste barve in jih lahko zamenjamo z drugimi zelenimi rakovi\u010darji, kot so vrste Diaea dorsata<\/i>, Diaea pictilis<\/i>, Misumenops tricuspidatus<\/i>, Heriaeus mellotei <\/i>>in Heriaeus graminicola<\/i>.\r\n\r\nZaradi barvitosti in variabilnosti je bila vrsta Misumena vatia<\/i> opisana pod ve\u010d kot 20 razli\u010dnimi znanstvenimi imeni! Sinonime je razkrila moderna taksonomija, ki odkriva pomembne znake za razlikovanje vrst.\r\n\r\nIzvor imena<\/strong>\r\n\r\nRodovno ime: \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 [mis\u00famenos] (Gr.) \u2013 osovra\u017een; \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c9 [mis\u00e9o] (Gr.) \u2013 sovra\u017eiti\r\nVrstno ime: vatius, -a, -um (lat.) \u2013 ukrivljen navzven\r\n\r\nEvropski pajek leta (European Spider of the Year \u2013 ESY)<\/b>\r\n\r\nOd leta 2000 so strokovnjaki iz Nem\u010dije, Avstrije in \u0160vice izbirali vrsto pajka leta. Leta 2001 je bil to vodni pajek, leta 2002 osasti pajek, leta 2003 roparski volkec, leta 2004 zeleni pajek ter leta 2005 zebrasti pajek. Nem\u0161ko govore\u010dim de\u017eelam so se leta 2005 pridru\u017eile Belgija in Nizozemska, v letu 2006 pa je prvi\u010d organiziran pravi evropski projekt Pajek leta. Cvetni pajek,Misumena<\/i>, bo torej predstavljal pajke od Skandinavije do Sredozemlja ter od Irske do Mad\u017earske ter vse privla\u010dne lastnosti teh koristnih \u017eivali.\r\n\r\nPeter J\u00e4ger, Martin Kreuels & Matja\u017e Kuntner<\/p> <\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spider of the Year 2006
\nThe flower crab spider
\nMisumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757)
\nInformation<\/p>\n

The first European Spider of the Year, chosen for 2006, is the flower crab spider \u2013 Misumena vatia<\/em> (Clerck 1757). Like all crab spiders,<\/p>\n

…<\/span><\/p>\n

Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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