{"id":2878,"date":"2018-09-10T10:49:52","date_gmt":"2018-09-10T08:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.european-arachnology.org\/wdp\/?p=2878"},"modified":"2018-09-10T16:13:55","modified_gmt":"2018-09-10T14:13:55","slug":"spider-of-the-year-2018-al","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?p=2878","title":{"rendered":"Spider of the year 2018 – AL"},"content":{"rendered":"

Merimanga e Vitit 2018<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Steatoda bipunctata<\/em> (Linnaeus, 1758)<\/p>\n

Merimanga e koteceve, Steatoda bipunctata <\/em>(Linnaeus, 1758), i p\u00ebrket familjes Theridiidae. N\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, kjo familje ka 2,487 lloje, nga t\u00eb cilat 228 jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Gjinia Steatoda p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohet nga 13 lloje n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, 4 prej t\u00eb cilave gjenden edhe n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Merimanga e koteceve \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha shtetet Evropiane.<\/p>\n

Shp\u00ebrndarja e saj vertikale \u00ebsht\u00eb e gjer\u00eb pasi gjendet nga ult\u00ebsirat n\u00eb nivelin e detit deri n\u00eb 2000 m n\u00eb Alpe. Si nj\u00eb merimang\u00eb rrjet-nd\u00ebrtuese, ky lloj gjendet m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb ose mbi nd\u00ebrtesa, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7arat e dritares.<\/p>\n

S. bipunctata<\/em> i p\u00ebrket llojeve m\u00eb pak p\u00ebrzgjedh\u00ebse dhe mundet madje t\u00eb mbijetoj\u00eb edhe n\u00eb dhoma mjaftueshm\u00ebrisht t\u00eb thata. Sikurse e n\u00ebnkupton edhe emri, kotecet p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb habitat shum\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr to. Sidoqoft\u00eb, ato ndodhen edhe n\u00eb mjediset e jashtme, m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb kopshte, shkurre dhe mure \u2013 ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebn trungjet e pem\u00ebve \u2013 n\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7arat e shk\u00ebmbinjve ose n\u00ebn gur\u00eb. Merimanga e koteceve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj shum\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebto habitate, prandaj dhe ky lloj nuk listohet si i rrezikuar.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00ebsia e trupit \u00ebsht\u00eb 4.5\u20137 mm tek femrat dhe 4\u20135.5 mm tek meshkujt. Trupi duket shum\u00eb i yndyrsh\u00ebm dhe me shk\u00eblqim, dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht abdomeni leht\u00ebsisht i shesht\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye ky lloj quhet n\u00eb disa shtete edhe \u201cMerimang\u00eb yndyrore\u201d. Ngjyra baz\u00eb e cefalotoraksit \u00ebsht\u00eb kafe n\u00eb pothuajse e zez\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa abdomeni \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi kafe e leht\u00eb n\u00eb kafe e err\u00ebt ose e zez\u00eb drejt pjes\u00ebve an\u00ebsore. Nj\u00eb shirit i ndritsh\u00ebm pak a shum\u00eb i dalluesh\u00ebm p\u00ebrshkon mesin e abdomenit, po ashtu edhe nj\u00eb band\u00eb e gjer\u00eb e zbeht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkon pjes\u00ebn e p\u00ebrparme. Zakonisht n\u00eb abdomen mund t\u00eb shihen kat\u00ebr pika t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb err\u00ebta (k\u00ebto tregojn\u00eb pikat ku muskujt lidhen n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb trupit). K\u00ebmb\u00ebt jan\u00eb me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe-n\u00eb kafe dhe me unaza t\u00eb err\u00ebta. Merimanga e koteceve nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet\u00eb tredimensionale \u2013 zakonisht n\u00eb cepa ose qoshe \u2013 me nj\u00eb flet\u00eb fijesh pak a shum\u00eb t\u00eb trash\u00eb q\u00eb mban fijet vertikale q\u00eb ngrihen lart dhe fijet e tjer\u00eb shkojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn an\u00ebsore. Fijet kap\u00ebse drejtohen n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e poshtme, dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb pajisura me pik\u00ebza t\u00eb ngjitshme, t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fillit. Kur preja bie n\u00eb rrjet\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb filli shk\u00ebputet dhe merimanga del me shpejt\u00ebsi nga streha e saj; e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb zakonisht nj\u00eb e \u00e7ar\u00eb af\u00ebr rrjet\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

S. bipunctata<\/em> mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pre jo vet\u00ebm insekte t\u00eb vogla por madje edhe merimanga t\u00eb m\u00ebdhaja sikurse \u00ebsht\u00eb merimanga e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. S.bipunctata<\/em> mund t\u00eb gjendet gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit, edhe pse vet\u00ebm meshkujt hasen zakonisht gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit nga Qershori n\u00eb Tetor. Gjat\u00eb \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit meshkujt b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb zhurm\u00eb si cic\u00ebrim\u00eb, q\u00eb prodhohet nga organi stridulator i ndodhur n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb cefalotoraksit gjat\u00eb f\u00ebrkimit me pjes\u00ebn e p\u00ebrparme t\u00eb abdomenit. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb femra joshet t\u00eb dal\u00eb jasht\u00eb streh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj p\u00ebr \u00e7ift\u00ebzim, i cili zakonisht ndodh n\u00eb vjesht\u00eb por ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodh gjithashtu edhe n\u00eb pranver\u00eb. Femra prodhon rreth 50\u2013100 vez\u00eb me ngjyr\u00eb pink n\u00eb nj\u00eb kokon t\u00eb bardh\u00eb i cili varet n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb rrjet\u00ebs. Steatoda bipunctata<\/em> mund t\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrohet leht\u00ebsisht me llojin tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs gjini S. castanea<\/em>, nj\u00eb lloj q\u00eb jeton n\u00eb habitate t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta por q\u00eb ka shpesh nj\u00eb ngjyrim m\u00eb t\u00eb zbeht\u00eb dhe q\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb pranver\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pse Steatoda bipunctata<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhur Merimanga e Vitit 2018? Ky lloj \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhur si i till\u00eb sepse nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb gjendet shpesh brenda sht\u00ebpive dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht e thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb identifikohet. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i nj\u00eb merimange k\u00ebmb\u00eb-kreh\u00ebr e cila nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e rrezikshme, n\u00eb ndryshim me vejushat nga Mesdheu, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb helmuese p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit dhe t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb frikshme dhe rregullisht p\u00ebrmenden n\u00eb media. Cic\u00ebrimat e meshkujve jan\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7ori e k\u00ebtij lloji. Duke zgjedhur merimang\u00ebn e vitit, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb do ti kushtohet v\u00ebmendje nj\u00eb grupi pak t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve, por gjithashtu shpresojm\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkuesit shkencor\u00eb mund t\u00eb marrin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb reja n\u00eb lidhje me shp\u00ebrndarjen aktuale t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, mund t\u00eb shijoni k\u00ebt\u00eb merimang\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2018 dhe t\u00eb na ofroni ndihm\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e vendndodhjes suaj ose me dokumentime fotografike t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji.<\/p>\n

Merimanga e vitit 2018 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhur nga 83 araknolog\u00eb nga 26 shtete Evropiane. Kordinimi \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Muzeut t\u00eb Historis\u00eb s\u00eb Natyr\u00ebs n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb s\u00eb bashku me Arachnologische Gesellschaft (AraGes) dhe European Society of Arachnology (ESA).<\/p>\n

Christoph H\u00f6rweg & Blerina Vrenozi<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

Kontakt n\u0451 Shqip\u0451ri<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Dr. Blerina Vrenozi, Muzeu i Shkencave t\u0451 Natyr\u0451s, Rr. Petro Nini Luarasi, Nd. 76-1, No. 2, 1010 Tiran\u00eb, Shqip\u0451ri. blerina.vrenozi(at)fshn.edu.al<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Merimanga e Vitit 2018<\/strong><\/p>\n

Steatoda bipunctata<\/em> (Linnaeus, 1758)<\/p>\n

Merimanga e koteceve, Steatoda bipunctata <\/em>(Linnaeus, 1758), i p\u00ebrket familjes Theridiidae. N\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, kjo familje ka 2,487 lloje, nga t\u00eb cilat 228 jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb.<\/p>\n

…<\/span><\/p>\n

Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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