{"id":3025,"date":"2020-02-23T10:40:51","date_gmt":"2020-02-23T09:40:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.european-arachnology.org\/wdp\/?p=3025"},"modified":"2020-03-15T11:11:32","modified_gmt":"2020-03-15T10:11:32","slug":"spider-of-the-year-2020-al","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?p=3025","title":{"rendered":"Spider of the year 2020 &#8211; AL"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Merimanga e Vitit 2020<\/h4>\n<p>Merimanga peshkatare &#8211;<em> Dolomedes fimbriatus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Merimanga peshkatare,<em> Dolomedes fimbriatus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757), i p\u0451rket familjes s\u0451 merimangave rrjet\u0451 nd\u0451rtuese p\u0451r t\u0451 vegjlit (Pisauridae). N\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, kjo familje ka 356 lloje, nga t\u00eb cilat shtat\u0451 jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Gjinia <em>Dolomedes<\/em> p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohet nga dy lloje n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb: <em>D. fimbriatus<\/em> dhe <em>D. plantarius<\/em> (Clerck, 1757). <em>D. fimbriatus<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb Palearktikut. N\u00eb Evrop\u0451n Qendrore ajo ndodhet m\u0451 s\u0451 shumti n\u0451 fushat midis kodrave (deri n\u0451 800 m mbi nivelit e detit), por ka rekorde edhe n\u0451 1250 m si p\u00ebr shembull n\u0451 Austri. N\u0451 disa zona ky lloj mund t\u0451 haset shum\u0451 shpesh, por p\u0451r arsye t\u0451 shkat\u0451rrimit t\u0451 shum\u0451 prej habitateve t\u0451 saj (k\u0451neta dhe ligatina), ajo haset m\u0451 rrall\u0451, megjith\u0451se ajo nuk konsiderohet n\u0451 rrezik zhdukjeje. P\u0451r pasoj\u0451 t\u0451 ndryshimeve klimatike \u0451sht\u0451 e mundshme q\u0451 n\u0451 t\u0451 ardhmen merimanga peshkatare t\u0451 vendoset n\u0451 kategorin\u0451 e llojeve n\u0451 rrezik zhdukjeje.<\/p>\n<p>Me nj\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi trupore prej 15-22 mm tek femrat dhe 10-13 mm tek meshkujt, merimanga peshkatare \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga merimangat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha evropiane. Trupi duket ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht robust dhe i fort\u00eb. Ngjyra baz\u0451 \u00ebsht\u00eb e verdh\u00eb-kafe deri n\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb-kafe (tek t\u0451 vegjlit e gjelb\u0451rt n\u0451 ulliri) dhe an\u00ebt e trupit zakonisht kan\u00eb nj\u00eb shirit t\u00eb zbeht\u00eb i cili shtrihet n\u0451 pjes\u0451n e poshtme n\u0451 t\u0451 dyja an\u0451t e trupit p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb cefalotoraksit dhe abdomenit. Sidoqoft\u00eb, k\u00ebto nuk jan\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gjuajtja e pres\u00eb<\/strong> \u0451sht\u0451 shum\u0451 interesante tek kjo merimang\u0451, e cila e gjuan pren\u00eb e saj si nj\u00eb gjahtare e lir\u0451, pa p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb rrjet\u0451. Ata preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb brigjet me uj\u0451ra t\u00eb qet\u0451 ose t\u00eb ngadalsh\u00ebm, n\u00eb k\u0451neta, livadhe t\u00eb lag\u00ebshta, dhe pyje bregdetare ose pyje t\u00eb mbytura n\u0451 uj\u0451. K\u00ebtu, merimanga peshkatare ulet n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e ujit af\u00ebr bim\u00ebve dhe pret p\u0451r insektet (e ujit), larva t\u0451 amfib\u0451ve dhe peshq t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl. Merimanga l\u00ebviz me shkatht\u00ebsi kur gjuan n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e ujit. Ajo e shtrin t\u0451 gjith\u0451 trupin e saj mbi uj\u00eb, por fal\u00eb shtresave t\u00eb trasha t\u00eb qimeve t\u0451 trupit, ajo mund t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb tensionin sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor dhe t\u00eb q\u00ebndroj\u00eb mbi uj\u00eb. Kur \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik, ose kur kap pren\u0451, ajo mund t\u0451 zhytet n\u0451n uj\u0451. Gjat\u00eb zhytjes formohet nj\u00eb fllusk\u00eb ajri rreth trupit t\u0451 saj, e cila shp\u0451rthen pasi merimanga kthehet n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e ujit duke e l\u0451n\u0451 merimang\u0451n t\u0451r\u0451sisht t\u0451 that\u0451.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00c7ift\u00ebzimi<\/strong> zakonisht ndodh n\u00eb maj ose qershor, dhe n\u0451 p\u0451rgjith\u0451si nga fundi i qershorit femrat prodhojn\u0451 vez\u0451t dhe m\u0451 pas formojn\u0451 nj\u0451 kokon me diamet\u0451r rreth 1cm (q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban deri n\u00eb 1000 vez\u00eb). N\u0451 ndryshim nga merimangat ujk, t\u0451cilat p\u0451rdorin spineretat e fundit t\u0451 abdomenit, femra e merimang\u0451s peshkatare e mbart kokonin me vez\u0451 gjat\u0451 gjith\u0451 koh\u0451s duke p\u00ebrdorur pjes\u0451t e saj t\u0451 goj\u0451s. Pak para \u00e7eljes s\u0451 t\u0451 vegj\u0451lve, femra e var kokonin me an\u0451 t\u0451 fijeve t\u0451 m\u00ebndafshta n\u0451 vegjetacionin n\u0451 af\u0451rsi t\u0451 skajit t\u00eb ujit, dhe e mbron at\u0451. Prodhimi i vez\u0451ve mund t\u0451 b\u0451het edhe m\u0451 von\u0451, por me nj\u0451 num\u0451r m\u0451 t\u0451 reduktuar t\u0451 tyre dhe si rezultat nj\u0451 kokon m\u0451 t\u0451 vog\u0451l. Zhvillimi i t\u0451 vegj\u0451lve ndodh pas dy vitesh. Zakonisht ata dim\u0451rojn\u0451 si subadult\u0451 dhe e nd\u0451rrojn\u0451 l\u0451kur\u0451n e tyre disa her\u0451 deri sa t\u0451 arrijn\u0451 faz\u0451n adulte n\u0451 fillim t\u0451 Majit. <em>D. fimbriatus<\/em> mund t\u00eb gjendet gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit, dhe n\u0451 p\u0451rgjith\u0451si femrat gjenden nga marsi deri n\u0451 tetor, nd\u00ebrsa meshkujt nga maj deri n\u0451 gusht.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0451 Evrop\u00eb ndodhet nj\u0451 lloj tjet\u0451r, <em>D. plantarius<\/em>, i ngjash\u00ebm n\u0451 pamje, madh\u0451si dhe habitat. Dallimet midis k\u0451tyre dy llojeve jan\u0451 t\u0451 vogla, ku shumica e individ\u0451ve t\u0451 <em>D. plantarius<\/em> nuk i kan\u0451 shiritat e zbeht\u0451, p\u0451rmasat e tyre jan\u0451 leht\u0451sisht m\u0451 t\u0451 m\u0451dha (gjat\u0451sia e trupit t\u0451 mashkullit 10-16 mm, femr\u0451s 13-20 mm), si dhe habitati i tyre \u0451sht\u0451 m\u0451 shum\u0451 ujor pasi kan\u0451 nj\u0451 preferenc\u0451 p\u0451r liqenet dhe k\u0451netat m\u0451 t\u0451 m\u0451dha. <em>D. plantarius<\/em> \u0451sht\u0451 e lidhur m\u0451 shum\u0451 me ujin, dhe k\u0451rkon brigje t\u0451 hapura e me diell p\u0451r riprodhim. Ky lloj haset kryesisht nga prilli n\u0451 gusht, femrat pak m\u0451 gjat\u0451 deri n\u0451 shtator. N\u0451 p\u0451rgjith\u0451si ky lloj \u0451sht\u0451 m\u0451 i rrall\u0451, sidoqoft\u0451, nj\u0451 identifikim p\u0451rfundimtar \u0451sht\u0451 i mundur vet\u0451m nga ekzaminimi i gjenitaleve.<\/p>\n<h5>Pse \u0451sht\u0451 zgjedhur merimanga peshkatare si Merimanga Evropiane e Vitit?<\/h5>\n<p>Si nj\u0451 nga merimangat autoktone m\u0451 t\u0451 m\u0451dha t\u0451 brigjeve t\u0451 liqeneve dhe lumenjve ajo \u0451sht\u0451 leht\u0451sisht e dukshme dhe gjithashtu tregon p\u0451rshtatje t\u0451 jasht\u0451zakonshme me k\u0451t\u0451 habitat, i cili fatkeq\u0451sisht k\u0451rc\u0451nohet gjithnj\u0451 e m\u0451 shum\u0451 dhe \u0451sht\u0451 n\u0451 rrezik. Lloji \u0451sht\u0451 ve\u00e7an\u0451risht i rrezikuar nga puna n\u0451 nd\u0451rtimin e brigjeve, heqja e shtret\u0451rve t\u0451 kallamishteve dhe zambak\u0451ve t\u0451 ujit, tharja e k\u0451netave dhe zvog\u0451limi i madh\u0451sis\u0451 s\u0451 habitateve t\u0451 p\u0451rshtatshme t\u0451 ligatinave. Duke zgjedhur merimang\u00ebn e vitit, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb do ti kushtohet v\u00ebmendje nj\u00eb grupi pak t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve, por gjithashtu do t\u2019i referohet edhe nj\u0451 habitati t\u0451 rrezikuar.<\/p>\n<p>Gjithashtu shkenctar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna rreth shp\u00ebrndarjes aktuale t\u00eb tij. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, mund t\u00eb shijoni k\u00ebt\u00eb merimang\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2020 dhe t\u00eb na ofroni ndihm\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e vendndodhjes suaj ose me dokumentime fotografike t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji. Merimanga Evropiane e Vitit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhur nga 83 araknolog\u00eb nga 26 shtete Evropiane. Kordinimi i votave \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nga Muzeu i Historis\u00eb s\u00eb Natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs, s\u00eb bashku me \u2018ArachnologischeGesellschaft\u2019 (AraGes) dhe Shoqat\u00ebn Evropiane t\u00eb Araknologjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Christoph H\u00f6rweg &amp; Blerina Vrenozi<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Kontakt n\u0451 Shqip\u0451ri<\/h5>\n<p>Dr. Blerina Vrenozi, Muzeu i Shkencave t\u0451 Natyr\u0451s, Rr. Petro Nini Luarasi, Nd. 76-1, No. 2, 1010 Tiran\u00eb, Shqip\u0451ri. E-mail: <a href=\"&#x6d;&#x61;&#x69;&#x6c;&#x74;&#x6f;&#x3a;&#x62;&#x6c;&#x65;&#x72;&#x69;&#x6e;&#x61;&#x2e;&#x76;&#x72;&#x65;&#x6e;&#x6f;&#x7a;&#x69;&#64;&#102;&#115;&#104;&#110;&#46;&#101;&#100;&#117;&#46;&#97;&#108;\">&#x62;l&#x65;&#114;&#x69;&#110;a&#x2e;v&#x72;&#101;&#x6e;&#111;z&#x69;&#64;&#x66;&#115;h&#x6e;&#46;&#x65;&#100;&#x75;&#46;a&#x6c;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Merimanga e Vitit 2020<\/p>\n<p>Merimanga peshkatare &#8211;<em> Dolomedes fimbriatus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Merimanga peshkatare,<em> Dolomedes fimbriatus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757), i p\u0451rket familjes s\u0451 merimangave rrjet\u0451 nd\u0451rtuese p\u0451r t\u0451 vegjlit (Pisauridae). N\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn,<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ellipsis\">&hellip;<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?p=3025\">Read more &#8250;<\/a><\/div>\n<p><!-- end of .read-more --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-spider_of_the_year_2020"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3025"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3025\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3052,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3025\/revisions\/3052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}