{"id":3779,"date":"2026-02-12T12:37:08","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T11:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?p=3779"},"modified":"2026-02-12T12:37:08","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T11:37:08","slug":"spider-of-the-year-2024-al","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?p=3779","title":{"rendered":"Spider of the year 2024 – AL"},"content":{"rendered":"

Merimanga e Vitit 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merimanga e bodrumeve me k\u00ebmb\u00eb si kreh\u00ebr<\/p>\n

Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Informacion<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merimanga e bodrumeve me k\u00ebmb\u00eb si kreh\u00ebr, Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck, 1757), i p\u00ebrket familjes Nesticidae. Kjo familje merimangash p\u00ebrfshin 291 lloje n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn, nga t\u00eb cilat 58 jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Turqin\u00eb dhe Kaukazin). N\u00eb gjinin\u00eb Nesticus<\/em> (merimangat e v\u00ebrteta t\u00eb shpellave) ekziston vet\u00ebm ky lloj n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore Shp\u00ebrndarja, habitati, statusi i rrezikimit. Merimanga e bodrumeve me k\u00ebmb\u00eb si kreh\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht dhe e zakonshme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn deri n\u00eb Turqi. N\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore, kjo specie \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht e kufizuar n\u00eb lart\u00ebsit\u00eb fushore-kodrinore (deri n\u00eb 800 m mbi nivelin e detit), por ka gjithashtu t\u00eb dh\u00ebna se ajo arrin pothuajse 1000 m mbi nivelin e detit. Nesticus cellulanus jeton kryesisht n\u00eb shpella dhe tunele minierash. N\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha Listat e Kuqe, lloji nuk konsiderohet i rrezikuar, por mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00ebn “pothuajse i k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar”, si p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb Karinthia t\u00eb Austris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrshkrimi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjat\u00ebsia e trupit t\u00eb femr\u00ebs s\u00eb Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> \u00ebsht\u00eb 3.5\u20136 mm, nd\u00ebrsa meshkujt jan\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl (3\u20135 mm). Pjesa e p\u00ebrparme e trupit ka ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb verdh\u00eb dhe ka nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb. Sternumi (pjesa e poshtme e kraharorit) \u00ebsht\u00eb i verdh\u00eb i hapur me njolla t\u00eb zeza. Abdomeni \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb ngjyr\u00eb gri-t\u00eb verdh\u00eb-bardh\u00eb me njolla t\u00eb zeza, nd\u00ebrsa k\u00ebmb\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb verdha me unaza t\u00eb zeza.<\/p>\n

M\u00ebnyra e jetes\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 sugjeron edhe emri i saj, kjo merimang\u00eb gjendet kryesisht n\u00eb shpella, tunele minierash, guva dhe bodrume. Prandaj, ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e varur nga vendndodhjet me nj\u00eb mikroklim\u00eb t\u00eb fresk\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb lag\u00ebsht. K\u00ebto vende duhet gjithashtu t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtura nga ngrica dhe t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb luhatje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb temperatur\u00ebs. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, lloji mund t\u00eb gjendet her\u00eb pas here n\u00eb habitate t\u00eb hapura, n\u00eb sistemet e \u00e7arjeve t\u00eb shpateve, n\u00eb \u00e7arje t\u00eb err\u00ebta e t\u00eb lag\u00ebshta n\u00eb tok\u00eb, n\u00ebn myshqe, n\u00eb pem\u00eb t\u00eb zgavruara ose n\u00eb puse. Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> zakonisht nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb rrjet\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb p\u00eblhure me vrima t\u00eb gjera n\u00eb zgavrat e mureve t\u00eb shpellave, nga e cila fijet kap\u00ebse varen posht\u00eb. Pjesa e poshtme e \u00e7do fijeje kap\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbuluar me nj\u00eb rresht pikash ngjit\u00ebse t\u00eb rregulluara mir\u00eb. Sapo preja ngat\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb pikat ngjit\u00ebse, merimanga hedh fije t\u00eb tjera kap\u00ebse mbi t\u00eb, e vret pren\u00eb me disa kafshime helmuese dhe m\u00eb pas e t\u00ebrheq lart n\u00eb rrjet\u00eb. Preja tipike jan\u00eb kafsh\u00ebt q\u00eb ecin n\u00eb tok\u00eb ose n\u00eb mure, si mushkonjat ose insekte t\u00eb tjera. Sjellja e \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit ka gjithashtu disa ve\u00e7ori: \u00e7ift\u00ebzimi paraprihet nga nj\u00eb proces njohjeje, ku mashkulli dridh nj\u00ebr\u00ebn nga fijet e rrjet\u00ebs s\u00eb femr\u00ebs. Pas nj\u00eb kopulimi t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr q\u00eb zgjat vet\u00ebm pak minuta, femra ndihmon mashkullin t\u00eb vendos\u00eb pedipalpin. Kokoni sferik i vez\u00ebve me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb kuq\u00ebrremt\u00eb-verdh\u00eb mbahet nga femra n\u00eb organet e tjerrjes (spineretat) derisa t\u00eb vegjlit t\u00eb \u00e7elin, dhe vet\u00ebm m\u00eb von\u00eb ngjitet n\u00eb rrjet\u00eb. Pjekuria dhe periudha e riprodhimit zgjasin gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fazat e rritjes mund t\u00eb hasen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, megjith\u00ebse me nj\u00eb grumbullim t\u00eb t\u00eb rriturve gjat\u00eb muajve t\u00eb ver\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Lloje t\u00eb ngjashme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kjo merimang\u00eb mund t\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrohet me merimang\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rrall\u00eb t\u00eb shpellave (Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em>), e cila ka ngjyr\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebt. Shiriti qendror i zi n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e p\u00ebrparme t\u00eb trupit te Nesticus cellulanus shtrihet nga p\u00ebrpara mbrapa, nd\u00ebrsa te Kryptonesticus eremita<\/em> ai ngushtohet nga mesi ose nuk ekziston fare. Nj\u00eb dallim i sigurt mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm duke ekzaminuar gjenitalet ose p\u00ebrmes barcoding-ut t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pse Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> \u0451sht\u0451 zgjedhur si Merimanga Evropiane e Vitit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrzgjedhja erdhi pas nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkese nga Shoqata e Studiuesve Gjerman\u00eb t\u00eb Shpellave dhe Karstit, e cila ka p\u00ebrzgjedhur nj\u00eb “Kafsh\u00eb Shpelle t\u00eb Vitit” q\u00eb nga viti 2009. An\u00ebtar\u00ebt e saj pat\u00ebn iden\u00eb \u2013 ngjash\u00ebm me vitin 2012, kur u p\u00ebrzgjodh merimanga e shpell\u00ebs Meta menardi \u2013 p\u00ebr t\u00eb kombinuar kafsh\u00ebn e shpell\u00ebs dhe merimang\u00ebn e vitit. Ky propozim u mb\u00ebshtet nga juria me 84 araknolog\u00eb nga 27 shtete evropiane. Kjo duhet kuptuar gjithashtu si nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb e qart\u00eb se ka ende nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr veprim, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb studimin e ekosistemeve n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore dhe llojeve q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb to, dhe t\u00eb zgjerimit t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit midis speolog\u00ebve dhe araknolog\u00ebve. P\u00ebrzgjedhja e Merimang\u00ebs s\u00eb Vitit synon jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb drit\u00eb nj\u00eb grup kafsh\u00ebsh “m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohura” dhe t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb v\u00ebmendjen ndaj habitateve t\u00eb rrezikuara \u2013 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast shpellat si habitate t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta q\u00eb meritojn\u00eb mbrojtje \u2013 por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt shpresojn\u00eb t\u00eb marrin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e saj aktuale. Prandaj, jini t\u00eb v\u00ebmendshem her\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb vizitoni nj\u00eb shpell\u00eb dhe ndihmoni n\u00eb dokumentimin e k\u00ebtij lloji me zbulimin ose foton tuaj. Merimanga e Vitit \u00ebsht\u00eb koordinuar nga Muzeu i Historis\u00eb s\u00eb Natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Vjen\u00ebs, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Shoqat\u00ebn Araknologjike (AraGes) dhe Shoqat\u00ebn Evropiane t\u00eb Araknologjis\u00eb (ESA). Christoph H\u00f6rweg & Norbert Milasowszky.<\/p>\n

Kontakt n\u0451 Shqip\u0451ri:<\/strong>
\nProf. Assoc. Dr. Blerina Vrenozi, Muzeu i Shkencave t\u0451 Natyr\u0451s, Rr. Petro Nini Luarasi, Nd. 76-1, No. 2, 1010 Tiran\u00eb, Shqip\u0451ri. E-mail: blerina.vrenozi@fshn.edu.al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Merimanga e Vitit 2024<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merimanga e bodrumeve me k\u00ebmb\u00eb si kreh\u00ebr<\/p>\n

Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Informacion<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merimanga e bodrumeve me k\u00ebmb\u00eb si kreh\u00ebr, Nesticus cellulanus<\/em> (Clerck,<\/p>\n

…<\/span><\/p>\n

Read more ›<\/a><\/div>\n

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