{"id":3783,"date":"2026-02-12T12:44:25","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T11:44:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?p=3783"},"modified":"2026-02-12T12:44:25","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T11:44:25","slug":"spider-of-the-year-2025-al","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/european-arachnology.org\/esa\/?p=3783","title":{"rendered":"Spider of the year 2025 – AL"},"content":{"rendered":"

Merimanga e Vitit 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merimanga shpin\u00eb-gjarp\u00ebr<\/p>\n

Segestria senoculata<\/em> (Linnaeus, 1758)<\/p>\n

Informacion<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merimanga shpin\u00eb-gjarp\u00ebr, Segestria senoculata<\/em> (Linnaeus, 1758), i p\u00ebrket familjes s\u00eb merimangave me p\u00eblhur\u00eb si tub (Segestriidae). Kjo familje p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga pes\u00eb gjini me 181 lloje n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Gjinia Segestria p\u00ebrfshin 22 lloje, tet\u00eb prej t\u00eb cilave gjenden edhe n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. Shp\u00ebrndarja, habitati, statusi i rrezikimit. Segestria senoculata<\/em> ka nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarje Palearktike dhe gjendet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn. Shp\u00ebrndarja e saj lart\u00ebsore varion nga fusha deri n\u00eb kodra me lart\u00ebsi n\u00eb 800 m mbi nivelin e detit, e deri n\u00eb 2200 m lart\u00ebsi n\u00eb Alpet Qendrore. Kjo merimang\u00eb jeton n\u00eb pyje dhe n\u00eb grumbuj drur\u00ebsh ose rr\u00ebnojash. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb boll\u00ebkut t\u00eb saj dhe disponueshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb habitateve t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme, ajo klasifikohet si jo e rrezikuar n\u00eb Listat e Kuqe.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrshkrimi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gjat\u00ebsia e trupit t\u00eb femr\u00ebs s\u00eb Segestria senoculata \u00ebsht\u00eb 7\u201310 mm, nd\u00ebrsa meshkujt jan\u00eb pak m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, 6\u20139 mm. T\u00eb dy gjinit\u00eb kan\u00eb ngjyrim dhe shenja t\u00eb ngjashme. Cefalotoraksi (pjesa e p\u00ebrparme) \u00ebsht\u00eb kafe e shk\u00eblqyeshme, nd\u00ebrsa abdomeni oval \u00ebsht\u00eb bezh\u00eb\/gri e zbeht\u00eb, me nj\u00eb shirit qendror ngjyr\u00eb kafe t\u00eb err\u00ebt me skaje t\u00eb dh\u00ebmb\u00ebzuara. Ky shirit ngjan me modelin e err\u00ebt t\u00eb nj\u00eb gjarpri, nga i cili rrjedh edhe emri: merimanga shpin\u00eb-gjarp\u00ebr. K\u00ebmb\u00ebt jan\u00eb kafe e hapur me unaza t\u00eb err\u00ebta. Ndryshe nga shumica e merimangave q\u00eb kan\u00eb tet\u00eb sy, merimangat e k\u00ebsaj familjeje kan\u00eb vet\u00ebm gjasht\u00eb sy, t\u00eb renditur n\u00eb tri grupe me nga dy sy, q\u00eb formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb si “H” kur shihen nga lart.<\/p>\n

M\u00ebnyra e jetes\u00ebs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ashtu si t\u00eb gjitha merimangat e k\u00ebsaj familjeje, merimanga shpin\u00eb-gjarp\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht nokturne dhe nd\u00ebrton nj\u00eb p\u00eblhur\u00eb karakteristike p\u00ebr t\u00eb kapur pren\u00eb. Kjo p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb tub si rrjet\u00eb i nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb \u00e7arje dhe vrimat e l\u00ebvores s\u00eb pem\u00ebve ose midis gur\u00ebve, nga hyrja e t\u00eb cilit dalin fijet e m\u00ebndafshta rrezore. K\u00ebto fije sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si “lajm\u00ebtar\u00eb” p\u00ebr pren\u00eb q\u00eb kalon (kryesisht insekte) duke transmetuar dridhjet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Pasi err\u00ebsohet, Segestria senoculata zhvendoset n\u00eb hyrje t\u00eb tubit ku pret pren\u00eb. Ajo tregon nj\u00eb pozicion karakteristik t\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebve: tri \u00e7iftet e para t\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb drejtuara p\u00ebrpara, nd\u00ebrsa \u00e7ifti i kat\u00ebrt \u00ebsht\u00eb i drejtuar prapa. Asnj\u00eb merimang\u00eb tjet\u00ebr nuk shfaq nj\u00eb pozicion t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebve. Gjat\u00eb sezonit t\u00eb \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit, meshkujt l\u00ebn\u00eb tubat e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar femrat. Individ\u00ebt e rritur mund t\u00eb gjenden gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit. Kur mashkulli takon p\u00eblhur\u00ebn e femr\u00ebs, ai tund fijet sinjalizuese t\u00eb rrjet\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. N\u00ebse femra nuk tregon agresivitet, do t\u00eb ndodh cift\u00ebzimi. Pas \u00e7ift\u00ebzimit, femra i fekondon vez\u00ebt brenda tubit dhe i mb\u00ebshtjell n\u00eb nj\u00eb kokon oval q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban 60 deri n\u00eb 180 vez\u00eb. Ky lloj ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr rreth dy vjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur pjekurin\u00eb seksuale.<\/p>\n

Lloje t\u00eb ngjashme<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore gjenden edhe dy lloje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb gjinis\u00eb Segestria:<\/em> merimanga bavareze e tubave, Segestria bavarica,<\/em> e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb pak m\u00eb e madhe (deri n\u00eb 14 mm) dhe njollat e saj n\u00eb abdomen nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb vazhdueshme, si dhe merimanga e tubave me dh\u00ebmb\u00eb t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr, Segestria<\/em> florentina, e cila mund t\u00eb rritet deri n\u00eb 22 mm dhe ka nj\u00eb trup plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb zi.<\/p>\n

Pse Segestria senoculata<\/em> \u0451sht\u0451 zgjedhur si Merimanga Evropiane e Vitit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Me k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj, prezantohet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues i familjes s\u00eb merimangave me rrjet\u00eb si tub, i cili zbulon disa ve\u00e7ori t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta: gjasht\u00eb sy n\u00eb vend t\u00eb tet\u00eb, nj\u00eb lloj karakteristik rrjete, dhe nj\u00eb pozicion unik t\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebve. P\u00ebrzgjedhja synon jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb vendos\u00eb n\u00eb drit\u00eb nj\u00eb grup kafsh\u00ebsh “m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohura” dhe t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb n\u00eb pah habitatet e k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuara \u2013 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, habitatet e vogla natyrore si \u00e7arjet e l\u00ebvores s\u00eb pem\u00ebve dhe shk\u00ebmbinjve \u2013 por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt shpresojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbledhin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e saj aktuale. Prandaj, me k\u00ebt\u00eb informacion n\u00eb mendje, n\u00eb sh\u00ebtitjen tuaj t\u00eb radh\u00ebs n\u00eb pyll ose mal dhe ndihmoni n\u00eb dokumentimin e k\u00ebtij lloji me raportimin ose foton tuaj. Merimanga e Vitit koordinohet nga Muzeu i Historis\u00eb Natyrore n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me Shoqat\u00ebn Araknologjike (AraGes) dhe Shoqat\u00ebn Evropiane t\u00eb Araknologjis\u00eb (ESA).<\/p>\n

Christoph H\u00f6rweg & Norbert Milasowszky.<\/p>\n

Kontakt n\u0451 Shqip\u0451ri:<\/strong>
\nProf. Assoc. Dr. Blerina Vrenozi, Muzeu i Shkencave t\u0451 Natyr\u0451s, Rr. Petro Nini Luarasi, Nd. 76-1, No. 2, 1010 Tiran\u00eb, Shqip\u0451ri. E-mail: blerina.vrenozi@fshn.edu.al<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Merimanga e Vitit 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merimanga shpin\u00eb-gjarp\u00ebr<\/p>\n

Segestria senoculata<\/em> (Linnaeus, 1758)<\/p>\n

Informacion<\/strong><\/p>\n

Merimanga shpin\u00eb-gjarp\u00ebr, Segestria senoculata<\/em> (Linnaeus, 1758), i p\u00ebrket familjes s\u00eb merimangave me p\u00eblhur\u00eb si tub (Segestriidae).<\/p>\n

…<\/span><\/p>\n

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